Europe
Terms
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- realpolitik
- "the politics of reality"
- Romanticism
- movement in art and ideas. glorified heros and heroic actions. cherished folk traditions, music and stories. valued common people. national change in democracy.
- 1866
- Prussia defeated Austria in Austro-Frussian War. Prussia then gained control of North German Foundation
- 1848
- Budapest, Plague, Vienna. nationalists groups demand independance and self government (FAILED)
- Louis-Napoleon
- Title of emporer Napoleon III (nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte). Built railroads, unemployment decreased. realected in 1852.
- Nationalists
- not loyal to kings but to their people. movements were capable of tearing apart long established empires.
- 1821
- Greeks revolted against the Ottomans
- ottoman rul
- 1821 greeks revolt
- Austro-Hungrian Empire
- Hungrians, Croats, Halians, Germans, Poles, Slovaks, Czechs, Serbs, Slavs
- 1870
- Italian forces took over papal states
- liberals
- middle class business leaders and merchants wanted to give more power to elective parliments. they believed in the natural rights of citizens, voting rights, rulers should be elected.
- 1848
- in Budapest, Prague, Vienna = unsuccessful
- Franko Prussian War
- the final stage of german unification
- Beethoven
- (1770-1827) first of the romantic composers and he was the greatest
- Charles X
- suspended the legislature and limited voting rights. Tried to have an absolute monarchy. Fleed France to Great Britain. replaced by Louis-Philippe.
- Kaiser
- emporer
- Alexander II
- (1861) freed serfs, social and economic reforms
- unification of italy
- (1858-1870) sardinia is the leader
- political swings
- Charles X (1830) Louis-Philippe (1830-1848) Louis Napoleon (1848)
- Lord Byran
- joined the greek cause and fought in battle against ottoman turks
- Guiseppe Garibaldi
- in may 1860 he captured Sicily (the red shirts)
- impressionism
- fascinated by light, artists used pure, shimmering colors to capture a moment spent at a glance
- 1830
- Greeks gained independence
- Belgium Revolution
- successful (1830)
- conservatives
- wealthy property owners and nobility. believed in heirarchy of social classes, perserve traditional monarchy.
- cavour
- wins most of northern italy from austrians. helped garibaldi
- realism
- in literature and the visual arts, realism tried to show life as it is, not as it should be
- Bismark
- forms alliance with austria. Prussia and Austria go to war against Denmark. Win two border provinces in north.
- Charles Dickens
- english realist novelist. created characters and senes showing despair of London's working poor
- 1864
- bismark took first step toward molding an empire. formed an alliance between Prussia and Austria.
- 1862
- King william I of Prussia appoints Bismark as prime minister
- Balkans area
- made up ofGreece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, former Yugaslavia, ruled by the Ottomans (Turks)
- nationalism
- the belief that one's greatest loyalty should be to a nation of people who share a common culture and history
- Giuseppe Mazzin
- young italy (italian nationalists group)
- dutch rule
- 1830 Belgrans revolt (unsuccessful)
- Louis-Philipppe
- (1830-1848) became unpopular and overturned his liberal monarchy