science midterm review

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nighttime temp would be much lower if _______: there was no atmosphere
_______ is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves: radiation
reflection and abosorbtion by the atmosphere prevents some _______ from reaching earth: solar energy
absorption of heat by the atmosphere is called the _________ effect: greenhouse
_____ humidity is the amount of water vapor in a volume of air compared to the amount of moisture that could be in that volume of air at a certain temperature: relative
when air holds all the water vapor it possibly can, we say it is _______: saturated
on a warm summer day, when water droplets form on dust particles in clouds and become too heavy to be held up by wind, we have _____: rain
The _______ is an apparent force that results from the earths eastward rotation: Coriolis
IF air-containing moisture is cooled, the temperature at which the vapor is turned to liquid is known as the ________: dew point
earths water enviornment is know as the _________: hydrosphere
When moisture condenses out of air and falls to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, we are experiencing ________: precipitation
Water becomes water vapor by two main methods, evaporation and _________: transpiration
The _____ are windless zones at the equator: doldrums
The layer of atmosphere on top of the tropopause is the __________: stratosphere
The _______ is the ceiling of the weather zone: tropopause
electrically charged particles are found in the ________: ionosphere
winds that blow toward the equator from about 30 degrees latitude are known as: tradewinds
sea and land breezes are caused because: the land heats and cools faster than the water
cold, dry, dense air currents that descend weekly to earth at the north or south poles are the _________: polar easterlies
the ________ is the layer of the atmosphere nearest earth: troposphere
T/F:the pressure of air at 1000 feet is greater than the pressure at sea level: F
the ________ is the coldest layer of the atmosphere: mesosphere
a _______ is used to measure air pressure: barometer
a sea breeze is created when: land heats faster than water
the_______ extends from 80 km upward into space: thermosphere
the _____________ are responsible for the movement of weather across the united states: prevailing westerlies
high, white, feathery clouds usually made of ice crystals with fair weather are _______ clouds: cirrus
dark, gray clouds that have ragged edges and produce precipitation are ________ clouds: nimbus
water can form on surfaces at night when the air is clear because: the air temp near the ground drops to the dewpoint
if everything else were held constant, we would predict that the relative humidity of a classroom full of students would be ___ than of an empty classroom: higher
rain that freezes as it drops to the ground is called ______: sleet
thick, puff clouds are called ______ clouds: cumulus
a _________ forecasts the weather using data collected from many sources: meteorologist
to keep track of pressure, weather maps are drawn with lines connecting points of equal pressure. these lines are called _______: isobars
__________ are bodies of air that have the same properties as the regions over which they form: air masses
areas of high pressure are known as: anti-cyclones
______ form where two air masses meet: fronts
a violent, whirling wind that moves over a narrow path on land is known as a: tornado
when servere weather conditions could occur, a ____ is issued: watch
the interactions of air, water, and ________ cause weather: solar energy
air masses are important because of their overall______ and moisture content: temperature
thunderstorms generally form along a ______: cold front
during a storm watch, servere weather: is likely to occur in your area
when a severe weather warning is issued, you should: take shelter or go to shelter immediately
on a weather map, ___________ describe the local weather at each location: station models
large cities may effect weather because of: large amounts of pavement
the path earth takes around the sun is its ____: orbit
a universe where the sun is the center would be called a _____ universe: heliocentric
Gravity and ______ control the earths orbit: inertia
Johannes Kepler discovered that the paths in which planets move around the sun are: elliptical
the greatest distance of a planet from the sun is known as its ______: aphelion
any hot, bright sphere of gas like the sun is called a _______: star (bright, hot, sphere of gas)
the most widely held astronimical theory about the origins of the universe is the ___________ theory: big band
what are the three types of galexies?: spiral, elliptical, irregular
the brightness of a star as we view it from earth is its ________ magnitude: apparent
we classify stars using their surface temperatures and ________ magnitudes: absolute
a ________ is a star in which matter is dondensed and no light encapes: black hole
constellations changr positions in the night sky during the year because ______: of earths motion
the laws of motion were developed by: Newton
the galaxy im which our solar system is located is a _____ galaxy: sprial
the name of our galaxy is the: milky way
light gathering telescopes that use concave mirrors are _______ telescopes: reflecting
a __________ is used to determine a star's speed and direction: spectrograph
_______ invented the reflecting telescope: newton
x-rays, visible light, and ultraviolet light are all forms of _______ energy: radiant
the elements of the sun can be defined by using a: sprectroscope
the distance between the sun and the earth is know as an: astronimical unit
the spacecraft placed in orbit by the us and used by several astronauts as a space station was the ______: skylab
telescopes that rely of glass lenses to gather and focus light are ___ telescopes: refracting
telescopes that collect radio waves are known as _____ telescopes: radio
the energy from the sun reackes earth in the form of _____: radiant energy
to measure the distance between stars, the unit of measure is ____-: light years
stars in the red shift __ from earth: receed
TF: the corona is a transparant zone of hot gases around the sun and normally can not be seen: True
Sunspots are hot spots on the suns surface TF: False
TF the level of sunspot activity seems to increase and decrease in an 11-year cycle: true
TF no particles from the sun reach earth: false
TF the h-r diagram relates surface temp of a star to its apparent magnitude: false ish
TF the greater the magnitude of a star, the brighter it is: tureee
TF the sun is a stable star found in the main sequence: True
TF radiant energy is defined by wavelegnth, frequency, and waveheight: True
TF solar flares often occur near sunspots: True
TF all stars have absolute magnitude: true
TF there are different constellations in the night sky during different seasons: True
red colors on the spectrum indicate long wavelengths TF: True
TF infrared waves and gamma rays are not forms of radiant energy: False
TF The penumbra is the darkest part of the shadow: false
tf the moon does not have any geologic a ctivity: false
tf the winter solstice is march 20, when winter officially ends: false
tf earth revolves and rotates: true
tf observed motion is the same thing as real motions: false
tf the seasons occur because of the earths tilt and revolution around the sun: true
bright streaks that extend outward from the craters on the moon are called rays tf: true
tf scientists are sure of how the moon ca, to circle the earth: false
the moon rotates on its axis and revolves around the earth in the same amount of time tf: true
tf the space shuttle that blew up was mercury tf: false
the voyager was responsible for moon missions tf: false
tf newtons 3rd law of motion explains how a rocket motor works: true
tf skylab was a space worksho[: true
a satellite can orbit a planet: true
when the moon is between the earth and the sun: new moon
when the moon is on the opposite side of the earth than the sun is: full moon
when the moon appears to be north of the earth: first quarter moon
a ______ eclipse is when the moon is between earth and the sun: solar
during what phase of the moon can a solar eclipse occur?: new moon
m, e, b rotates on its axis: both
m, e, b has seasons: earth
m ,e, b revolves around the sun: both
m, e, b has soil that contains iron in crystal form: moon
m, e, b can cast a shadow on another heavenly body: both
m, e, b has a rotational period equal to its revolutionary period: moon
m, e, b has weather: earth
the second smallest planet we know and closest to the sun is _______: mercury
the planet that is very hot because of the greenhouse effect and has clouds of sulfuric acid is: venus
a plant about the size of venus, has water vapor in its atmosphere and has a rotational period of 24 hours is: earth
the largest know volcano in our solar system in an extinct volcano known as Olympus Mons and is found on the planet: mars
many planets have natural satellties. phobes, for example, is one of the satellites that orbit the planet: mars
the largest know planet in our solar system is known as: jupiter
the giant red spot is located on the planet: jupiter
_ is the largest of all the solar system satellites: ganymede
the planet with the lowest density and over on thousand rings is: saturn
The closest satellite to Jupiter with a number of erupting volcanoes is: Io
at times, the planet _ is actually the most distand planet from the sun: neptune
the third planet from the sun is _: earth
the solid portion of a comet is its: nucleus
a cloud of gas and dust around the solid portion of a comet is known as the: coma
_ are small fragments of matter moving in space: meteoroids
when small fragments of matter moving in space strike earth's atmosphere and burn up, they are called: meteors
the asteroid belt did not form a planet because: it did not hahve enough mass
most asteroids are located in the region between: mars and jupiter
venus rotates in a fashion opposite that of most planets, it is said to display _ motion: retrograde
the planet most adapted to support life in our solar system is _: earth
the planet with eccentric orbit is: pluto
scientist believe that the Sun is formed: from a cloud of gas and dust

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