Biology 207 vocab
Vocab from Bio Lab
Terms
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- Polyp and Medusae
- Two body types that Cnidarians exhibit
- Photosynthesis
- Converts light energy into chemical energy
- Osculum
- water from the spongocoel exits here
- Negative Gram Stain
- Reddish pink, has a thin cell wall and is NOT sensitive to penecillin
- Ventral
- An animal's belly side
- Setae
- Short bristles on the surface of each segment (ex. earthworms) that provide traction
- Facultative Anaerobes
- able to use oxygen when it's avaliable
- Streptobacillus
- long string of bacilli (rod shaped)
- Ectoderm
- The embryos outer layer
- Incomplete Metamorphosis
- Periodically molting to grow
- Swim Bladder
- runs dorsal and parallel to the digestive tract, makes the fish buoyant so it will not sink
- Analogous structures
- structures that appear similar but upon closer inspection turn out to be quite unrelated
- Halophiles
- live in salty environments
- Capsule
- a thick, sticky, gelatinous coating outside the cell wall (under a microscope looks like the dye leaves a ring around the bacteria)
- Anterior
- refers to the head end of the animal
- Homologous Structures
- different structures that exhibit internal similarities so striking that they suggest a common evolutionary origin
- Thermophiles
- Live at very high temps, near boiling
- Methanogens
- creatures that generate methane gas as a by-product of their metabolism
- Spongocoel
- central cavity in sponges
- Convergent Evolution
- the process of adaption that causes different structures to assume similar forms in order to perform similar functions
- Epidermis
- outer surface, or skin
- Posterior
- refers to the tail end of the animal
- Lateral Line System
- Sense organ made of pores that can detect vibrations and change in water pressure
- Blastula
- Animal zygotes divide mitotically to form a hollow ball called a ____________
- Physiology
- the study of how organisms function
- mesoderm
- contains muscles
- Obligate Anaerobes
- do not require oxygen but can live with it
- Growth
- Increase in the number of the individual bacteria
- Prokaryotic Organism
- Lack nuclei. internal structures are so small that it requires an electron microscope to see them. cell wall, cell membrane, and one tiny chromosome (sometimes called a plasmid)
- Colony
- a mass of bacterial cells derived from a single cell
- Spiracles
- the valves where air enters into the trachea
- Aerobic
- Require oxygen
- Bilateral Symmetry
- Has a top and bottom, front and back, and a left and right
- Zygote
- fertilized egg
- Pseudocoelom
- a fluid-filled cavity between an animals gut and layer of mesoderm that lines the inside of the skin
- Rod Shaped bacteria
- Bacilli
- Autotrophic
- organism makes most of what they need by itself
- Enzymes
- chemicals that cells make to promote particular chemical processes
- Fermentation
- Incomplete Metabolism of Sugar
- Water Vascular System
- totally unique to echinoderms, a system of hydraulic tubes the animal uses for locomotion and feeding
- Sphere shaped bacteria
- Cocci
- Dorsal
- An animal's back
- Phylogenetics
- the science of reconstructing evolutionary history and relationships
- Molting
- shedding exoskeletons so growth is possible
- Broth
- a liquid nutrient medium
- Parapodia
- fleshy appendages (seen in all polychaetes)
- Eukaryotic Organism
- contain a nucleus, mitochondria, and other internal structures. each structure is enclosed in its own membrane (membrane bound organelles). cell wall, cell membrane, chromosomes, cytoskeleton, chloroplast, central vacuole
- Coelom
- an internal body cavity lined on all sides with mesodermal tissue
- Holotrophs
- they eat other organisms and digest its whole tissues to release nutrients
- Streptococcus
- long string of cocci (sphere shaped)
- Gastrula
- cup-shaped embryo
- Cephalization
- When one end of an animal possesses sense organs and the nervous tissue necessary to interpret the information being sensed (a brain), it has a head
- Symbiosis
- individuals of two different species live close together (ex. parasites with their hosts)
- Agar
- Medial that is liquid or gelled with starch like substance
- Endospores
- dormant dehydrated cells that form inside the bacterias original cell wall and are very resistant to adverse environments (will survive for a long time)
- Heterotrophic
- obtain their carbon from carbs, fats, or other organic molecules in the food they consume
- Heterotrophs
- they obtain nutrients from other organisms (2 types: holotrophs and parasites)
- Phototrophs
- Photosynthetic autotrophs
- Embryology
- The study of an individual organism's development
- species
- a population (or group of populations) of individuals capable of interbreeding
- Sarcina
- cuboidal packed of 8 cocci
- Pasteurization
- heating milk to prevent it from going sour
- Porocytes
- tubular cells that allow water to flow from the outside of the sponge to its central cavity
- Basic body plan of Phylum Mollusca
- a muscular foot, visceral mass, and a soft mantle
- Endoderm
- The embryos inner layer
- Compound Eyes
- made of many facets, usually in crustaceans
- Staphylococcus
- a cluster of cocci
- Radial Symmetry
- Round with a definate top and bottom
- Chelicerae
- most anterior appendages that are modified into mouth parts
- Positive Gram Stain
- purple, has a thicker cell wall that retains the violet dye
- Saprotrohpy
- heterotrophs that live off of dead or decaying matter
- Anaerobic
- do not require oxygen
- Deuterostomes
- develop from zygotes-they form a blastula and then a gastrula. Second opening becomes the mouth, and the first opening becomes the anus
- Incurrent/Excurrent siphons
- Where water enters and exits the mantle cavity
- Complete Metamorphosis
- molt sucessively into larger larvae, then mature larva turn in to a pupa, then using a cocoon the adult form grows
- Exoenzymes
- special enzymes that exit the cell to do their work outside the cell
- Spiral Shaped bacteria
- Spirilla or Spirochetes