biology
Terms
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- lipids composed of
- glycerol and 3 fatty acids
- cell cycle includes
- G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, mitosis
- dehydration synthesis
- 2 monomer make polymer and lose water
- sterols
- cholesterol with 4 fused carbon rings
- inorganic
- NO carbon
- G2 phase
- preparation to mitosis
- main purpose of light reaction
- to make energy: ATP and NADPH
- monomer of nucleic acid
- nucleotides
- animo acid structure
- animo group, carboxyl acid, variable R
- what can be broken down?
- compounds
- facililated diffusion
- movement of materials with carrier protein
- proton
- positive charge
- initiation
- mRNA forms RNA polymerase, and begin to unzip DNA
- catalysts
- things speed up reactions
- cellulose
- gives plant strength, rigid polysaccharide, plant cell walls
- mitosis
- where the nucleus of the cell is devided into nuclei with the same amount of chromosomes as the parent cells
- golgi body
- transport protein
- 3 enzymes involve in DNA replication
- helicase, polymerase, ligase
- phospholipids
- hydrophobic head, hydrophilic tails, phosphate, glycerol, and 2 fatty acid
- energy storage
- starch, glycogen
- organelles
- any tiny structure that performs a specialized function in the cell
- compound
- substance form from the chemical combination of 2 or more atoms
- cell wall
- surround membrane
- codon
- 3-based sequences
- cell division
- where the cell divides into daughter cells
- hypertonic
- greater outside cell
- atomic number
- number of proton
- saturated fat
- solid at room temperature, animal fats
- pistil
- female sex part, fertilize the pollen
- genes
- individual factors control traits
- 3 types of RNA
- mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
- products of glycolysis
- 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
- phagocytosis
- solid
- turgid
- means hypotonic for plant
- polymerization
- when big compound made from smaller compounds
- S phase
- DNA replication
- hydrophobic
- head, hates water
- anti codon
- 3 exposed bases
- reactants of ETC in respiration
- electrons, NADH, FADH2
- active transport
- require energy
- cell membrane
- regulates what enter cells
- how does light travel
- in waves
- where does translation happen
- ribosomes
- DNA polymerase
- combine the split DNA with complementary bases
- product of light reaction
- NADPH, ATP, O2
- ionic bonds
- create between oppositely charged ions
- cell specialization
- cells has their own special jobs
- helicase
- splits the parent DNA
- genetics
- studies herdity
- stamen
- male sex part, drops pollen inside the flower
- where dos kreb cycle occur
- matrix
- photon
- smallest unit of light
- ETC of respiration occur in
- inner membrane of mitochondria
- what is saturated fat saturated with?
- hydrogen
- isotope
- different number of neutrons
- nucleotides contain
- 5 carbon sugar/pentose, phosphate group, and nitrogerios base
- how does ATP form
- by ADP phosphorylating
- heterotroph
- get energy from food they eat, ex, human and animals
- macromolecules
- carbohydrates, lipid, protein, nucleic acid
- organic compounds
- contain carbon
- pyrimidine
- thymine, cytosine, and urasil
- reactants of glycolysis
- 1 glucose, 2 ADP, 2 NAD+
- rRNA
- 60% of ribosomes
- DNA ligase
- forms the back bone
- tRNA
- transfers animo acid in the cytoplasm to ribosomes
- unsaturated fat
- liquid at room temperature, plant fat
- protein
- composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
- photosystem
- pigments cluster that collects lights
- 3 steps of transcription
- initiation, elongation, and termination
- isotonic
- equal inside and out
- nucleolus
- make up of DNA&RNA
- where does glycolysis occur
- cytoplasm
- purine
- adenine and guanine
- structural storage
- cellulose and chitin
- non disjunction
- failure of chromosomes during meiosis
- why DNA replicate
- replace dead cells
- polypeptide chain
- animo acid lined by dehydration synthesis
- 5 nitrogen bases
- adonine, thymine, urasil, guanine, cytosine
- pigments
- colored substance that absorb light, used as chlorophyll
- meiosis
- forms gamettes
- prokaryotic
- cells that don't have nuclei
- atomic mass
- number of neutrons and protons
- ribosomes
- contain protein
- osmosis
- passive movement of water across selectively permeable membrane
- product of kreb cycle
- 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2, 1 ATP
- NADPH
- transport hydrogen and electrons
- termination
- RNA polymerase reads STOP codon and release RNA and RNA polymerase from DNA
- hypotonic
- greater inside cell
- lipids
- waxy, oily compounds
- final electron accepter in respiration
- oxygennnnnn
- passive
- does not need energy
- where does transcription happen?
- nucleus
- enzymes
- living organism that has its own catalysts
- chemical change
- to change into a new substance
- 2 jobs of waters H+ ions
- generate ATP, and make concentration gradient
- final electron accepter in light reaction
- NADP+
- 3 things water split into
- electron, 2 H+, oxygen
- DNA stands for
- deoxiribo nucleic acid
- mitochondria
- change chemical energy
- products of ETC in respiration
- H2O
- father of genetics
- gregor mendel
- allels
- diff. versions of genes
- punnett squares
- use to predict the possible alleles combinations for a trait
- mendel established
- law of inheritance
- starch
- store in plans
- where does light reaction occur
- thylakoid membrane
- neutron
- neutral
- chitin
- exoskeleton
- lysis
- means hypotonic
- atoms
- building blocks of matter
- Translation
- Protein synthesis from nucleotide to animo acid
- nitrocerous base
- basic unit of DNA
- nuclear envelope
- surround nucleus
- plasmolyzw
- means hypertonic for plant
- where does calvin cycle occur
- stroma
- herdity
- biological inheritance
- electron
- negative charge
- deletion
- when part of chromosomes is missing
- hydrolysis
- polymer split into monomers with water added
- DNA backbone
- dioxyribose sugar and phosphate
- 3 main component of cell membrane
- carbohydrates, lipids, and protein
- mixtures
- physical mix of compounds or element
- gamettes
- reproductive cells
- mRNA
- carries genetics info from nucleus to ribosomes
- ATP
- adosine triphosphate
- lysosomes
- clean up cells
- product of calvin cycle
- glucose, ADP, NADP+
- glycogen
- store in animals
- what is DNA
- store and transport genetic information
- matter
- anything that has mass&volume
- flacid
- means isotonic for plant
- physical properties
- can observe w.o permanently change the identity
- monomer of protein
- animo acid
- eukaryotic
- cells that has nuclei
- physical change
- when matter change, but not into a new substance
- endocytosis
- form a sac to enter the cell
- exception for inorganic that has carbon
- carbondioxide
- photosynthesis
- process that uses sunlight as the energy to convert CO2, and H2o to chemical energy
- covalent bonds
- sharing of electrons
- 2 types of nucleic acid
- RNA, DNA
- chloroplast
- trap energy
- wavelength determine
- different colors
- G1 phase
- cell growth
- hydrophilic
- tail, loves water
- transcription
- creation of RNA to DNA
- defusion
- movement of material from hi to low concentration until equilibrium
- carbohydrates
- compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
- autotroph
- use energy to make own food, ex, plants and trees
- 3 types of lipids
- fats, sterol, and phospholipids
- reactants of calvin cycle
- CO2, NADPH, ATP
- transolation
- non homologous chromosomes are exchanged
- ion
- unequal number of protons and electrons
- cytoskeleton
- framework of cell
- nucleus
- center of a cell
- elongation
- pairs RNA nucleotides to DNA (U replaces T)
- phases of mitosis
- interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, interphase
- vacuoles
- contain water
- 3 stages of cellular respiration
- glycolysis, kreb cycle, electron transport chain
- pinocytosis
- liquid
- nucleic acid
- store and transmit heredity, contain phosphate, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
- plasmolysis
- means hypertonic
- reactants of light reaction
- light and water
- chemical property
- ability to change into a new substance
- ER
- transport material throughout the cell