Medical Terminology Ch03
Terms
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adip/o
lip/o
steat/o - fat
-
derm/o
dermat/o
cutane/o - skin
- erythr/o
- red
- hidr/o
- sweat
-
hist/o
histi/o - tissue
- kerat/o
- hard
- leuk/o
- white
- melan/o
- black
- myc/o
- fungus
- onych/o
- nail
- plas/o
- formation
- purpur/o
- purple
- seb/o
-
sebum
oil - squam/o
- scale
- trich/o
- hair
- xer/o
- dry
- xanth/o
- yellow
- epithelium
- cells covering external and internal surfaces of the body
- epidermis
- thin outer layer of the skin
- squamous cell layer
- flat, scalelike epithelial cells comprising the outermost epidermis
- basal cell layer
- deepest layer of epidermis
- melanocyte
- cell in basal layer that gives color to the skin
- melanin
- dark brown to black pigment contained in melanocytes
- dermis
- dense, fibrous connective tissue layer of skin
- sebaceous glands
- oil glands in the skin
- subcutaneous layer
- connective and adipose tissue layer just under dermis
- collagen
- protein substance in skin and connective tissue
- hair
- outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin
- nail
- outgrowth of the skin at the end of each digit, composed of keratin
- keratin
- hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, nails
- lesion
- an area of pathologically altered tissue
- primary lesions
- lesions arising from previously normal skin
- macule
-
a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1cm across
(freckle) - patch
-
a flat, discolored spot on the skin larger than 1cm
(vitiligo) - papule
-
a solid mass on the skin up to 0.5cm in diameter
(nevus or mole) - plaque
- a solid mass greater than 1cm in diameter, limited to the surface of the skin
- nodule
- a solid mass greater than 1cm extending deeper into the epidermis
- tumor
- solid mass larger than 1-2cm
- wheal
-
an area of localized skin edema (swelling)
(hive) - vesicle
-
little bladder; an elevated, fluid-filled sac (blister) within or under the epidermius up to 0.5cm in diameter
(fever blister) - bulla
-
a blister larger than 0.5cm
(2nd degree burn, bulla=bubble) - pustule
-
a pus-filled sac
(pimple) - secondary lesions
- lesions that result in changes in primary lesions
- erosion
-
gnawed away; loss of superficial epidermis leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding
(area after rupture of a vesicle) - ulcer
- an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar; sometimes with an infection
- excoriation
- scratch mark
- fissure
- linear crack in the skin
- scale
- thin flake of exfoliated epidermin
- crust
-
dried residue of serum (body liquid) pus or blood on the skin
(impetigo) - cicatrix of the skin
-
mark left by the healing of a sore or wound, showing the replacement of destoyed tissue with fiberous tissue
(scar) - keloid
-
abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular
(kele=tumor) - vascular lesions
- lesions of a blood vessel
- cherry angioma
- small, round, bright red blood vessel tumor on the skin, often on the trunk of the elderly
-
telangiectasia
spider angioma - tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole
- purpuric lesions
- purpura; lesions resulting from hemorrhages into the skin
- petechia
- spot; reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spots on the skin that indicate a bleeding tendency; a small purpura
- ecchymosis
-
bruise;black and blue mark; large purpura
(chymo=juice) - epidermal tumors
- skin tumors arising from the epidermis
- nevus
- birthmark; congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular; also called a mole
- dysplastic nevus
- mole with precancerous changes
- verruca
- epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus; also called a wart
- alopecia
- fox mange; baldness; natural or unnatural deficiency of hair
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comedo
comedos
comedones - blackhead caused by a plug of sebum within the opening of a hair follicle
- eruption
- appearance of a skin lesion
- erythema
- redness of skin
- pruitus
- severe itching
- rash
- general term for skin eruption most often associated with communicable disease
- skin pigmentation
- skin color due to melanin
- suppuration
- production of purulent matter (pus)
- urticaria
- hives; eruption of wheals on the skin; itch
- xeroderma
- dry skin
- acne
- inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin
- albinism
- hereditary condition characterized by lack of melanin pigment
- first degree burn
- burn involving only the epidermis, characterized by erythema and hyperesthesia
- second degree burn
- burn involving only the epidermis and dermis, characterized by erythema, hypersthesia, vesications (blisters)
- third degree burn
- burn involving all the layers of the skin, characterized byt the destruction of the epidermis and dermis or subcutaneous tissue
- dermatitis
- and disorder of the skin
- exanthematous viral disease
- eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease
- rubella
- german measles
- rubeola
- 12-day measles
- varicella
- tiny spot, chicken pox
- eczema
- to boil out; swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale
- furuncle
- boil; painful nodule formed in the skin
- carbuncle
- skin infection consisting of clusters of furuncles
- absess
- localized collection of pus in a cavity
- gangrene
- eating sore, death of tissue, no blood supply
- herpes simplex virus type 1
- viral vesicles (cold sores) facial area infection
- herpes simplex virus type 2
- viral ulcers, sexually transmitted
- herpes zoster
- viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves, painful blisters; shingles
- impetigo
- highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and become crusted. around mouth and nose
- keratoses
- thickened areas of epidermis
-
actnic keratoses
solar keratoses - localized thickening of the skin caused by excessive exposure to sunlight, precursor to cancer
- seborrheic keratoses
- benign, wartlike tumors (old people)
- lupus
- chronic autoimmune disease; inflammation of body parts (joints)
- malignant cutaneous neoplasm
- skin cancer
- onychia
- inflammation of the nail
- paronychia
- inflammation of the nail fold
- pediculosis
- lice
- psoriasis
- skin disease, grey scales covering red patches on the skin
- scabies
- contagious disease, caused by mites
- seborhea
- skin condition, hypersecretion of sebum
- tinea
- fungal skin diseases, ringworm, athletes foot
- vitiligo
- white patches of skin
- Biopsy
- (Bx) removal of a small piece of skin for analysis
- culture and sensitivity
- (C&S) isolate and grow microorganisms for anaylsis
- frozen section
- cut a piece of a frozen sample for analysis
- chemosurgery
- chemical peel
- cryosurgery
- freeze and remove
- dermabrasion
- surgical removal of epidermis frozen by aerosol spray
- debridement
- removal of dead tissue from a wound or burn site
- curettage
- spoonlike instrument for debridement (removal of skin)
- electrodesiccation
- high-frequency electric currents to destroy tissue by drying it
- fulguration
- high-frequency sparks to destory tissue
- Mohs surgery
- remove tissue layer by layer until a normal layer is found
- antipruritic
- drug that relevies itching