Earth Science Exam #3
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- Why is water the Universal Solvent?
- Because so many substances are soluable in water. Water is a polar molecule
- What is the amount of water on Earth?
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97% Salt Water
3% Fresh (2% Frozen)
1% divided between the atmosphere, lakes, rivers, streams, and groundwater. - What is an acid?
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Sour taste, react with metals to produce H2, contains hydrogen
Using indicators:
Phenolphthalein(colorless paper): remains colorless then an acid
Litmus paper: Blue litmus-red in acid---red litmus--colorless acid
pH paper: measures how acidic the solution is - What is a base?
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Bitter taste, slippery to touch, dissolves fats and oils, contains hydroxide ion
Using indicators:
Phenolphthalein (coloress paper): turns bright pink in a base
Litmus paper: blue litmus-stays blue for base--red litmus--turns blue for base - What is Acid Rain?
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Rain or snow with a pH value that is less than the pH of unpolluted precipitation.
-CO2 is in the air and causes a natural acid rain
-Acid Rain are pollutants that are caused by car exhaust and industry. - What causes Natural Acid Rain?
- CO2 is in the air and causes a natural acid rain.
- What are the 8 parts of the Water Cycle?
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1 Precipitation
2 Surface Runoff
3 Infiltration or Percolation
4 Absorption
5 Groundwater
6 Evaporation
7 Transpiration
8 Condensation - What is the water or hydrological cycle?
- Water that is naturally recycled in a continuous process.
- What drives the water cycle?
- The sun is the source of energy which drives the water cycle.
- To obtain clean drinking water...
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1 Filtration
2 Coagulation
3 Second Filtration
4 Chlorination
5 Aeration
6 Additional Treatment such as adding fluoride. - To treat wastewater...
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1 Gravity powered
2 Primary Treatment
3 Secondary Treatment
4 Additional treatment to remove phosphorous and nitrogen and may add chlorine to kill any remaining bacteria. - What does groundwater represent?
- The largest reservoir of fresh water that is readily available to humans.