CIT
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- information system (5 parts)
-
people
procedures
software
hardware
data (information) - connectivity
- concept describing the ability of end users to tap into resources well beyond their desktops
- procedures
- guidelines people follow when they use software, hardware, and data
- software
- programs, consist of system and application software
- system software
- consists of operating systems, untilities, device drivers, and language translators
- application software
- software that performs useful work on general-purpose problems
- presenation graphics
- to communicate or persuade
- supercomputers
- most powerful computer
- hardware
- physical equipment in an information system
- minicomputers
- aka midrange computers
- microcomputers
-
fastest growing type
types - desktop, notebook, PDA's - system unit
- contains the electronic circuitry, including the microprocessor and memory
- memory
- primary storage, random access memory (RAM)
- input/output device
- translators between humans and computers
- input devices
- translate words, images, and actions that people understand into a form a computer can process
- output devices
- monitors, printers...
- secondary storage devices
-
store data and programs
floppy, hard and optical disks (CDs, DVDs) - document files
- created by word processors
- worksheet files
- created by spreadsheets
- database files
- created by a database management programs
- presentation files
- created by presentation graphics programs
- Computer Networks
- connected computers that share data and resources
- wireless revolution
- the widespread and increasing use of mobile communication devices
- internet
-
the worlds largest computer network
WWW is an internet service, providing a multimedia interface - browsers
- connect to remote computers, open and transfer files, display text and images, and provide an uncomplicated interface to the internet and the Web.
- uniform resource locators (URLs)
- in order to connect to other resources with a browser the Web site Address, or URL, must be located
- hypertext markup language (HTML)
- browsers interpret HTML documents to display Web pages
- hyperlinks
- these create connections between information references within a document or between documents
- word processors
- allow you to create, edit, save, and print text-based documents including flyers, letters, and reports
- word wrap
- automatically moves the insertion point to the next line
- search
- quickly locates or finds characters, words, or phrases
- replace
- replaces the located text with new text
- spreadsheet
- programs that are used to organize, analyze, and graph numeric data
- worksheets
- spreadsheets or sheets, that are rectangular grids of rows and columns
- rows
- identified by numbers
- columns
- identified by letters
- cells
- hold data and are formed by the intersection of rows and columns
- range
- a series of cells
- text entries
- aka numeric entries, entered cells
- formulas
- instructions for calculations
- functions
- prewritten formulas
- what-if analysis
- the result of changing one or more values and observing the effect on related cells in the spreadsheet
- analytical graphs
- used to help visualize data in spreadsheets
- database management systems
- used to create and use databases
- relational database
- organizes data into related tables
- tables
- organized by records
- records
- rows in a database
- fields
- columns in a database
- locate
- find specific information by querying the database
- display
- present selected information on a computer monitor or printed in a report
- sort
- arrange records in alphabetical order
- analyze
- built-in math formulas to manipulate and analyze data
- program control languages
- SQL (Structured Query Language) are programing languages for advanced users to create sophisticated database applications
- presentation graphics
- combine a variety of visual objects to create attractive, interesting presentations
- layout files
- these files present sample text for many different types of presentations
- templates
- these design templates provide selected combinations of text layouts, bullet styles, background colors, patterns, boreders, and other enhancements
- animations
- include special visual and sound effects including moving graphics and transitions between topics
- software suite
- a collection of individual application packages sold together
- OLE (object linking abd embedding)
- allows sharing of information between applications
- source files
- these files provide the objects that can be linked or embedded
- destination files
- these files receive the objects from other sources
- object linking
- linked objects are automatically updated whenever a change occurs in the source file
- object embedding
- embedded objects become part of the destination file and can be run from the destination file
- integrated package
- a single program providing the functionality of a word processor, spreadsheet, database manager, and more. Less expensive, but not as powerful compared to suites
- operating systems
- perform three basic fucntions: manage resources, provide, user interface, and run applications
- operating systems (3 basic categories)
- embedded, network, stand-alone
- windows
- the most widely used operating system
- Mac OS
-
Aqua - an intuitive user interface
Dock - a flexible tool for organizing files
Sherlock - a search tool - UNIX system
- Linux a free operating system
- untilites
-
specialized programs designed to make computing easier
ex. troubleshooting, antivirus, uninstall, backup, and file compression - utility suites
-
combine several programs into one package
ex. norton utilities, norton antivirus, norton, cleansweep, extra features - device drivers
- specialized programs that work with the operating system to allow communication between hardware devices and the rest of the computer system
- byte
- consists of eight bits
- chip
- silicon chip, semiconductor, integrated circut
- microprocessor
- chips mounted onto carrier packages
- control units
- executes programs by directing electronic signals between memory, the arithmetic-logic unit, and input/output devices
- RAM (random access memory)
- volatile storage, because their contents are lost if power is disrupted
- flash ram
- a special type of Ram that does not lose it's content if power is disrupted
- cache memory (RAM cache)
- high-speed holding area for frequently used data and information
- ROM (read only memory)
- firmware, nonvolative storage and control essential system opperations
- system clock
- clock speed and clock rate is measured in gigahertz
- bus lines
- data buses, buses, provide data pathways that connect various system components
- ports
- connecting sockets on the outside of the system unit, used to connect keyboards, mouse, monitors, modems, printers, and video cameras
- digitizing devices
- convert sketch or a figure into a form that cna be processed by a computer
- cathode ray tubes
- placed on a system unit or directly on a desk, low cost, high resolution
- flat pannel monitors
- used for portable computers and desktops, aka liquid crsytal display monitors
- soft copy
- images displayed on a monitor
- hard copy
- information output on paper
- ink-jet printer
- sprays small droplets of ink onto paper, most common photo printer
- laster printer
- uses a laser beam to produce images
- thermal printers
- uses heat elements to produce images on heat-sensative papaer