Music Test 4
Terms
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- Impressionism - style period
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harp & flute
no pulse
Debussy - Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun (only one) - orchestration
- the technique of setting instruments in various combinations
- chromatic scale
- consists of an ascending or descending sequence of semitones
- whole tone scale
- scale pattern built entirely of whole tone intervals, common in the music of the French impressionist
- faun
- mythlogical creature which is 1/2 man 1/2 goat
- Expressionism - style period
-
German - Extreme highs and lows
Schoenberg - Pierrot lunaire no. 18
(only one) - Neoclassicism - sytle period
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Absolute music
Bartok - Interrupted Intermezzo - polyrhythm
- the simultaneous use of several rhythmic patterns or meters, common in 20th century music and in certain African musics
- polymeter
- Constantly changing meter, sometime with each measure. Used in Western music achieving something of the complexity and suppleness of Asian and African rhythms
- polychords
- 20th century composers added more "stories" to such chords, forming highlt dissonant polychords of six and seven notes.
- polytonality
- the simulatneous use of two or more keys, common in 20th century music
- atonality
- total abondonment of tonality (centering in a key). Atonal music moves from one level of dissonance to another, without areas of relaxation
- twelve-tone method - created by Schoenberg (Serialism)
- compositional procedure of the 20th century based on the use of all 12 chromatic tones (in a tone row) without a central tone, or tonic, according to prescribed rules.
- serialism
- method of composition in which various musical elements, (pitch, rhythm, dynamics, tone color) may be ordered in a fixed series.
- tone row
- an arrangement of the twelve chromatic tones that serves as the basis of a twelve-tone composition
- Second Viennese School
- name given to composer Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils Alban Berg and Anton Webern; represents the first efforts in 12-tone composition
- Sprechstimme
- a vocal style in which the melody is spoken at approximate pitches rather than sung on exact pitches, developed by Arnold Schoenberg
- Klangfarbenmelodie
- 20th century technique in which the notes of a melody are distrubuted among different instruments, giving a pointillistic texture
- total serialism
- extremely complex, totally controlled music in shich the 12-tone principle is extended to elements of music other than pitch
- ethnomusicology
- compartative study of musics of the world, with a focus on the cultural contect of music
- Ragtime
- late 19th century piano style created by African Americans, characterized by highly syncopated melodies; also played in ensemble arrangements. contributed to early jazz style
- scat singing
- a jazz style that sets syllables without meaning (vocables) to an improvised vocal line
- blue note
- a slight drop of pitch on the 3rd, 5th, or 7th tone of the scale, common in blues and jazz
- vocalise
- a textless vocal melody, as in an exercise or concert piece
- performance art
- multimedia art form involving visual as well as dramatic and musical elements
- aleatoric music
- indeterminate music in which certain elements of the performance (such as pitch, rythym, or form) are left to choice or chance
- open form
- indeterminate contemporary music in which some details of a composition are clearly indicated, but the overall structure is left to choice or chance
- prepared piano
- piano whose sound is altered by the insertion of various materials (metal, rubber, leather, and paper) between the strings; invented by John Cage
- New Romanticism - style period
- ??
- minimalist music
- contemporary musical style featuring the repetition of short melodic rythmic, and harmonic patterns with little variation
- Nationalism - style period
- ??
- Debussy; Prelude to "The Afternoon of a Faun"
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Imp.
Lyrical, sinuous melodies (opening in chromatic), that repeat.
Rich instrumental color, with individual timbres that stand out
Floating rythm, evocative mood -
Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring
Part II excerpts -
Primitivism
Hugh orch. frces, with constantly changing timbral colors.
Violent rhythm conflicts
Dissonant harmonic palatte - 4' 33"
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John Cages silent performance.
Listen for background noises - Primitivism - SP
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Heavy handed percussion
Extreme registers
dissonance - Schoenberg - Pierrot lunaire
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solo female voice with small group intrst.
expressionism - Bartok - Interrupted Intermezzo
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Orchestral concerto
loud dissonant string begining notes then soft woodwinds
then soft strings
neo-classism(SP) - Copland - Billy the Kid
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Nationalsim
Set in the American West with use of cowboy songs
Orchestral suite - Gershwin - Piano Perlude No. 1
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Piano and violin (only one)
elements of jazz and ragtime in classical form - Bernstein - West Side Story
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programmatic - based on romeo and juliet
lots of brass in orchestra - Crumb - Ancient Voices of Children
- female voice alone - vocalise
- Ligeti - Disorder from Etudes for Piano
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Solo piano work
very fast, rhythmical steady 8th notes with shifting accents - Tan Dun - Farewell from Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon
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film score
cello and erhu (bowed chinese violin), chinese hand drum and western orch. - Adams - Road Runner
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chamber orch with synthesizer
minimalism (SP)
frenzied pace