Microbiology - Clinical Mycology
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- Which fungi strains cause granuloma formation?
- Histo, Blasto, Cocci
- Which fungi strains cause granuloma with caseation?
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Cocci, Histo
"Cheese Hamburger" - Fungi strains that cause mixed pyogenic/granuloma?
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Sporo, Blasto, Cocci
"SBC" when they are making pus and forming granulomas. - Fungi Strains that are Pyogenic?
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Candida, Asperigillus
i want some snickers PY from CA! - Fungus related to Malt workers lung and Maple (strippers) lung?
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Asperigillus
there's STRIPPERS and BEER drinkers on ASPen hill. - Fungi related to Sequoiosis?
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Aureobasidium
think of an "aura" over a sequoia tree. - Fungi related to Suberosis, or Cheese-washers lung?
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Penicillium
think of tameka s. drinking some penicillin, and eating cheese. - Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis occurs mostly in farmers in cold damp climates. What's the common season of occurence? and most likely source of infection?
- Late winter, early spring. Farmers are pitching moldy hay. Most of them are non-smokers
- Commercial market of mushrooms dominated by what fungus?
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Agaricus campestris
think of a mushroom camp at uc davis' "ag" campus. - What is the death cap mushroom, and what is it's toxin/it's mechanism of action?
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Amanita phalloides
Toxin: alpha amantin - inhibits RNA pol II.
95% of North American mushroom related fatalities. - True/false: Alpha amantin is vulnerable to heat, and is water soluble.
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False. It is heat stable, and water INsoluble.
Think of when you boil mushrooms, they surive the heat - and they don't dissolve in the pot =) - Stages of Amanita Phalloides poisoning?
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I: watery diarrhea with vomiting 6-24 hours after exposure
II: quiescent
III: 3-6 days after ingestion - acute hepatic & renal failure with 50-90% mortality. - Ergot alkaloids are produced by what fungus?
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Claviceps purpurea
think of a purple robot with a claws called claviceps (robot sort of rhymes with ergot - hey, it makes me remember it, okay) - What food substance does Claviceps purpurea infect and what does it convert it to?
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Infects grain, especially rye.
Turns rye seed into a sclerotium - made of mostly fungus. - Main pathology of ergot alkaloids?
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Intense peripheral vasoconstriction leading to gangrene.
think of the "purple robot with the claviceps" pinching on someone's leg until it dies and gets gangrene. - Aflatoxins are produced by what fungus?
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Aspergillus fumigatus
think of ben affleck farting - his "ASs" is "FUMing" - What does aflatoxin do?
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Coumarin derivatives - lead to hemorrhage and liver necrosis.
Caused Turkey X disease in 60's.
Can be found in peanut butter! highly carcinogenic - What are mycotoxins, ad what fungus produces them?
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Cause alimentary toxic aleukia from eating cereal grain.
Fusarium sporotrichoides grows on them and produces toxin. - What is the toxin produced by Fusarium sporotrichoides? Clinical manifestations of toxin?
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Trichothecen toxin (T-2) - sometimes manufactured and used as bio warfare "yellow rain". Very potent via aerosol route. Produces: N/V, hypotension, burns on exposed skin, coagulopathy.
Clinical manifestations: leukopenia/mucositis. - Name 3 host defenses of skin from fungal infection.
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Fatty acid content
Epithelial turnover - continuous sloughing
normal bacteria flora - Describe Superficial infections.
- Limited to the outermost layers of the skin or hair, only rarely elicit an inflammatory response because they colonize non-living structures.
- Superficial Mycoses skin infections are limited to ?
- Outermost layer of the stratum corneum.
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Superficial Mycoses - Skin
Pityriasis versicolor is caused by what fungus? - Malassezia furfur - a lipophilic yeast.
- Found in the normal skin flora, and in areas rich with sebaceous glands?
- M. furfur - causes pityriasis versicolo
- Hyper or hypopigmented lesions on upper torso, arms and abdomen (light if skin is dark, and vice versa). Have a dry, chalky appearance.
- Malassezia furfur
- Pityriasis versicolor is likely to occur in???
- tropics, athletes, and renal transplant patients
- T/F. M. furfur can also cause a folliculitis with erythematous papules and pustules on the upper trunk.
- True.
- KOH diagnosis: spaghetti and meatballs.
- Malassezia furfur.
- KOH stain: darkly pigmented yeast like cells and hyphal fragments.
- Tinea Nigra.