Chapter 26 Biology Vocab
Terms
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- Sex- Chromosomes
- the two unmatched chromosomes that detemine the sex of an individual, Represented as X and Y
- Autosomes
- the chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes
- X Chromosomes
- one of the types of sex chromosomes (female)
- Y Chromosomes
- one of the types of sex chromosomes (Male)
- Sex Linked Trait
- a trait that is controlled by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes
- Color Blindness
- a sex linked trait in which an individual cannot percieve certain colors
- Linkage Group
- all the genes that are on the same chromosome
- Crossing Over
- The process in which pieces of homologous chromosomes are exchanged during synapsis
- Mulitple gene inheritance
- the type of inheriance in which two or more pairs of genes affec the same characteristic, polygenic inheritance
- Deoxyribose
- a five carbon suar found in DNA
- Adenine
- a nirtogenous base found in DNA and RNA
- Guanine
- a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA
- Cytosine
- a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA
- Thymine
- a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA
- Nucleotide
- the base units of nucleic acids, each containing a sugar, a phosphate group, and one of the four nitrogenous bases
- Helix
- a shape like a coiled spring, used to describe the structure of DNA molecules
- One gene- One polypetide hypothesis
- the hypothesis that everygene directs the snthesis of a particular polypeptide chain; originally called the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis
- Messenger RNA(mRNA)
- the type of RNA that carries the code for a polypeptide from DNA to the ribosomes wher it is translated
- Trancription
- the copying of a gentic message from a strand of DNA in to a molecule of RNA
- Codon
- a group of three bases in n mRNA molecule that specifies a particular amino acid
- Transfer RNA (tRNA)
- the type of RNA that carries a particular amino acid to mRNA at the ribosome in protein synthesis
- Anticodon
- a sequence of three bases of a tRNA molecule that pairs with the complementary three nucleotide codon of an mRNA molecule during protein synthesis
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
- a type of RNA transcribed from DNA in the nucleolus and found in the ribosomes
- Translation
- the process by which the information coded in RNA is used for the assembly of a particular amino acid sequence
- Operon
- in prokaryotes, such as bacteria, the promoter, the operator, and their associated structural genes
- Exon
- a segment of DNA that codes for amino acids that will become part of a protein
- Intron
- a sefment of DNA that does not code for amino acids of protein
- Enhancer
- a section DNA that controls the access of an enzyme to a promoter
- Homeotic Genes
- in fruit flies, the genes that control key events in the flys' development
- Oncogenes
- any of various genes that, when activated may cause normal cells to become cancerous
- Thomas Hunt Morgan
- Offered first evidence that genes are part of chromosomes; tested with Drosophila melanogaster, fruit fly
- Reginald Crundell Punnett and William Bateson
- Found first few examples of linkage, studied flower color in pear plants
- Frederick Griffith
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-Injected mice with type s--Mice died
-Injected mice with Type R--Mice Lived
-Injected mice with dead type s--Mice live
-Mixed dead type S with live type R--Mice soon died, Live type S found in mice
*Concluded that sme factor from dead type S changed or transformed Type R into Type S - Geroge Beadle and Edward Tatum
- Formed the One Gene-One Enzyme Hypothesis by using Neurospora Crasa after mutating them with radiation and only feeding it agar with salt, sucrose, and biotin