GTY 100 Midterm
Terms
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- Gerontology
- study of the psychological and social aspects of aging
- Geriatrics
- focuses on how to prevent or manage the diseases of aging
- Social Gerontology
- the social context in which a person lives can determine the meaning of age
- Life Expectancy
- average remaining lifetime of any given population
- Age Effect
- due to physical decline, appear with the passage of time example: wrinkles
- Cohort Effect
- time of a person's birth example: The Great Depression
- Period Effect
- something that happens to and affects the whole population example: 9/11
- Chronological Age
- age based on the number of years since a person's birth
- Biological Age
- process of physical decline that occurs overtime
- Psychological Age
- how old one "feels"
- Social Age
- social context in which a person lives can determine the meaning of age
- Life Span
- maximum age a species can survive under optimum conditions
- Normal Aging
- universal, eventually must occur in all people
- Pathological Aging
- changes that occur as a result of disease processes
- Ageism
- process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people because of their age
- Explicit
- fully expressed
- Implicit
- implied or expressed
- Consequences of Ageism
- shorter lives, people who have positive attitudes towards ageism have better memory and balance
- Gerontophilia
- love of older people
- Gerontophobia
- fear of older people
- Age as a Social Construction
- age is really just a number, as a society we have constructed thoughts of how people should act or be at a certain old age, especially at old age
- Developed Country
- less old people and more young people
- Developing Country
- more old people and less young people
- Replacement Ratio
- needed to maintain a stationary population
- Population Pyramids
- way of illustrating the changing proportions of young and older persons in a population
- Variables that change the size of a population
- birth, death and migration
- Migration Pattern: recomposition
- older people move to areas young people leave example: Florida and Arizona
- Migration Pattern: accumulation
- young leaving area and older people stay behind
- Migration Pattern: congregation
- people of all ages move to an area but older people arrive at the fastest pace
- Sarcopenia
- loss of muscle mass
- Osteoporosis
- loss of bone density
- Osteoarthritis
- wearing away of joint cartilage
- Arteriosclerosis
- arteries become less elastic
- Atherosclerosis
- hardening of the arteries
- ADL
- activity of daily living
- IADL
- instrumental activity of daily living
- Expansion of Morbidity
- as we age we have more years with chronic illness
- Compression of Morbidity
- living longer but disease will be pushed into the later years of life
- Presbycusis
- age related hearing loss
- Localization
- a determination of the place where something is
- Presbyopia
- loss of eyesight
- Accommodation
- near vision focusing
- Cataract
- cloudy area in the lens of the eye
- Glaucoma
- fluid pressure builds up inside of the eye
- Macular Degeneration
- small portion of the retina is damaged
- Helping Older Adults Adapt to Vision Changes
- lots of light, avoid over head fixtures, vivid contrasting colors
- Acute Condition
- disable older people longer, can go away
- Chronic Condition
- doesn't get better, gets worse, long lasting, no cure
- Social problems caused by hearing loss
- withdraw from friends and family, withdraws from conversation or dominates, paranoid reactions
- Communicating with a hearing impaired person
- speak slowly, face the person, don't cover mouth, don't stand with back to sun
- Factors Affecting Adjustment
- personality, physical health, financial situation, social supports
- Strategies used to adapt: Anticipation
- thinking about what life will be like
- Strategies used to adapt: Compensation
- taking actions that make up for a loss in function