Chapter 15
Terms
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- Jesuits
- New religious order formed by Ignatius de Loyola
- Leonardo da Vinci
- He was an architect, painter, sculptor, and scientist; He painted "The Last Supper", and the "Mona Lisa"
- Renaissance
- "rebirth"; Was both a philosohical and artistic movement of the era of the 1300s, when that movement flourished
- perspective
- A painting technique to make paintings more lifelike
- William Shakespeare
- Leading literary figure of the time; wrote Hmalet, Macbeth, & Romeo & Juliet
- humanists
- People who specialized in the humanities (grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric)
- Isabella d'Este
- Used her wealth to support artists and scholars; filled her palace with paintings and sculptors by the finest Renaissance artists
- broadsides
- single, printed sheets
- Henry VIII
- The king who caused the break between England and the Roman Catholic church; called the Protestant Reformation
- Council of Trent
- Church leaders who met in Trent and defined the official church position on matters of doctorine
- Flemish School
- A group of painters who created theri own distinct style; These painters are credited with perfecting certain techniques of painting in oil on canvas
- Michelangelo
- Painted frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican
- predestination
- The idea that at the beginning of time, God had decided who would be saved
- Baldassare Castiglione
- An Italian diplomat; In 1528 he published what was probably the most famous book of the Renaissance-"The Book of the Courtier"
- Huguenots
- People who converted to Calvanism
- Martin Luther
- Developed beliefs that later became called Lutheranism; posted his 95 theses about indulgences on a church door
- Index of Forbidden Books
- Method of combating heresy that was introduced by Pope Paul IV
- Desiderius Erasmus
- Felt that humanists had made Christianity less spiritual and argued for a return to the original, simple message of Jesus; His most famous book was "The Praise of Folly"
- Johannes Gutenberg
- 1st European to use movable type to print books
- standard of living
- The measure of the quality of life; affected by many factors including environment, health, home life, income, and working conditions
- John Calvin
- Founded a Protestant Church in Switzerland; published a set of religious beliefs called "The Institutes of the Christian Religion"
- theocracy
- A governemnt ruled by religios leaders who claimed God's authority
- Niccolo Machiavelli
- A Florentine diplomat and historian; wrote the essay "The Prince" in which he described government in the ways it actually worked
- Reformation
- A religous movement that split the church in western Europe
- Counter-Reformation
- Major reform effort ; an attempt to return the church to an emphasis on spiritual matters
- Titian
- His paininting "The Assumption of the Virgin" is known for its sense of drama and rich colors; One of the 1st painters to become wealthy form his work
- Francesco Petrarch
- One of the 1st humanists; His sonnets to laura, an imaginary woman are considered some of the greatest love poems in literature
- Thomas More
- He published "Utopia" in which he condemned governments as corrupt and argued that private ownership of property caused unnecessary conflicts between people
- sects
- new religious groups that formed in Germany and Switzerland