bio
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- What is the word for membrane proteins that have carbohydrates attached to them?
- glycoprotein
- Which membrane proteins increase the rate of chemical reactions?
- enzymatic proteins
- The major lipids in biological membranes are called ________.
- phospholipids
- In biological membranes, the phospholipids are arranged in a:
- bilayer with the fatty acids pointing toward one another.
- What structure in the membrane causes plasma membranes to resist freezing?
- unsaturated fatty acid tails
- Within the fluid mosaic of a plasma membrane, what is the role of transport and channel proteins?
- They permit salts and sugars to move through the plasma membrane.
- Recognition proteins are most important for:
- distinguishing foreign cells from "self" cells
- In general, which of the following is largely responsible for moving substances across the plasma membrane, communicating with other cells, and identifying the cell?
- proteins
- What prevents your immune system from attacking your own cells?
- recognition proteins
- The main lipids found in cell membranes are:
- phospholipids
- Which of the following groups includes carrier and channel proteins?
- transport proteins
- Which of the following types of membrane proteins are responsible for conveying external messages such as those sent by a hormone signal?
- receptor proteins
- A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. This is an example of
- facilitated diffusion.
- Water crosses the plasma membrane
- through facilitated diffusion or diffusion.
- The sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of
- active transport
- The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of
- endocytosis
- The most common energy carrier molecule in living organisms is:
- ATP
- A "high-energy" bond in an ATP molecule is located between:
- two phosphate groups.
- Which molecule functions in the short-term storage of energy?
- adenosine triphosphate
- Enzymes are _____.
- proteins
- An enzyme _____.
- is an organic catalyst
- What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction?
- substrate
- As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____.
- is unchanged
- Which of the following lowers the activation energy of a biochemical reaction?
- catalysts
- Which of the following functions as a biological catalyst?
- enzyme
- Animals have enzymes that break apart starch molecules but not cellulose, despite the fact that both are made up of glucose subunits. Which enzyme characteristic BEST explains this?
- Enzymes are highly specific.
- What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all forms of life on Earth?
- solar energy
- Which of these equations best summarizes photosynthesis?
- 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
- The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____.
- water ... NADPH
- What is the purpose of a cuticle on a leaf?
- to prevent water loss
- How is O2 involved in photosynthesis?
- O2 is a product of the light reactions.
- Before photosynthesis evolved, ________ was rare in Earth's atmosphere.
- O2
- The products of photosynthesis are:
- glucose and oxygen.
- The cellular organelle that is responsible for photosynthetic activity is the:
- chloroplast.
- _____ has a longer wavelength than _____.
- Red ... green
- You place a plant in a transparent box made of greenish-yellow plastic. How does this affect photosynthesis for the plant?
- None of the plant pigments will be able to absorb the light. Photosynthesis will stop.
- Why do plant leaves appear green?
- The chlorophyll in leaves reflects green light.
- Why do plants produce O2?
- because O2 is produced as a by-product when the plant creates H+ ions and free electrons from water
- Where are the electrons used in photosystem II found at the very end of the light reactions?
- in NADPH
- The energy source in photosynthesis is:
- visible light.
- Suppose that you are experimenting with different types of lighting for your indoor green plants. Which of the following colors of light will be most effective?
- red-blue
- Light reactions produce:
- ATP, NADPH, and O2.
- Where does the O2 released during photosynthesis come from?
- H2O
- During the process of photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to:
- chemical energy.
- The light reactions of photosynthesis result in which of the following?
- synthesis of ATP
- The energy of the movement of electrons down a concentration gradient via electron transport within chloroplasts and mitochondria is used to generate molecules of:
- ATP
- Suppose you are studying photosynthesis in a research lab. You grow your plants in a chamber with a source of water that has a radioactively labeled oxygen atom. What photosynthetic product will be radioactive?
- O2 gas
- The NADPH required for carbon dioxide fixation is formed:
- during the light reactions.
- The primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis is to:
- produce energy-rich ATP and NADPH.
- Which of the following provides O2 as an end product?
- light reaction
- In plants, photosynthesis takes place in
- chloroplasts
- ATP drives reactions that produce
- glucose
- Photosynthetic organisms are
- autotrophs
- Survival of nearly all organisms depends on
- photosynthesis
- Pigments absorb
- photon energy
- Replacement electrons flow to
- to pigments
- In plants, light-dependent reactions take place in
-
the thylakoid membrane system
- The light-independent reactions take place in
- the stroma
- The largest cytoskeletal element is the
- microtubule
- Intermediate filaments composed of cytokeratins reinforce cells that make
- nails, claws, horns, hair
- Most of the action or function of cell membranes are conducted by
- proteins
- 5. Which of the following is thought to be the descendant of engulfed ancient bacteria?
- mitochondria
- Cell walls are found in
- plants, protists, fungi, bacteria
- The movement of a substance toward an area of lower concentration is called
- diffusion
- Transport across a cell's membrane that requires energy is called
- active transport
- The term "selective permeability" describes the characteristic of membranes that
- permit some molecules to cross the membrane while preventing others from crossing
- Communication proteins permit
- signaling between adjacent cells
- "Aerobic" implies use of
- Air - O2 required
- C6H12O6 + 6O2 ->
- 6CO2 + 6H2O
- The basic raw materials need by plants for photosynthesis are
- Water and carbon dioxide
- The first event in photosynthesis is the
- Excitation of an electron from chlorophyll
- The end products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are
- ATP, NADPH and O2
- One outcome of the noncyclic pathway used by early autotrophs was the
- Enrichment of the atmosphere with oxygen
- Photosynthesis is what kind of reaction?
- Reduction
- Does photosynthesis makes carbohydrate?
- Yes, sugar
- Where does the most photosynthesis take place?
- In the waters of the earth