BIOLOGY - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Terms
undefined, object
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-
WHAT DOES
"PHOTO" MEAN? - Light
-
WHAT DOES
"SYNTHESIS" MEAN? - To Make
- AUTOTROPH
-
An organism that can
produce it's own food. - HETEROTROPH
-
An organism that must
take in food for energy. -
WHAT IS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS? -
The Process where
organisms capture
radiant energy, combine
it with CO2 to produce
Glucose and O2. -
WHAT ARE TWO TO
PROCESSES IN
PHOTOSYNTHESIS? -
Light Reaction
Dark Reaction
(Calvin Cycle) -
WHAT ARE THREE
MAJOR EVENTS THAT
TAKE PLACE DURING
PHOTOSYNTHESIS? -
*Light absorption
*Conversion of radiant
energy into chemical
energy
*Storage (Sugars) -
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT:
THE SUN'S RADIANT
ENERGY TRAVELS... - in waves
-
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT:
VISABLE LIGHT APPEARS WHITE
BUT IS ... -
a combination of
colors traveling at
different wavelengths -
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT:
OBJECTS APPEAR IN
CERTAIN COLORS BECAUSE... -
they reflect the
wavelengths of
that color -
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT:
COLORS THAT ARE
ABSORBED ARE... - not seen
-
WHAT IS A
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
ORGANISM? -
Any organism that can
trap radiant energy and
convert it into energy,
ie: Green Plants. - CHLOROPLAST
-
Specialized organelles that
contain various pigments - WHAT ARE THE PIGMENTS?
-
Chlorophyll
Chlor
Carotenes
Xanophyll
Anthocyanins - CHLOROPHYLL
-
Green that absorbs
radiant energy from
the sun. - CHLOR
-
A & B absorb major wave-
lengths of radiant energy
and reflect green which
contain U.V. rays. - CAROTENES
- Orange Colors
- XANOPHYLL
- Yellow colors
- ANTHOCYANINS
- Reds and Purples
- WHY DO LEAVES CHANGE?
-
Light intensity changes
Chlorophyll breaksdown
(greens fade)
Accessory pigments
remain -
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
SITE -
Leaf food supply factory:
Large surface
area = more absorption.
Structure is adapted to
minimize light absorption
and diffuse C02. -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
WHAT IS UPPER EPIDERMIS? -
A single layer of cells
(upper and lower) -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS
WHAT IS THE CUTICLE? -
Waxy layer that provides
water repellant protection
on top of the epidermis.
Cutin -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS
WHAT IS STOMATA? -
Pores that allow gas exchange
via diffusion. -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS
WHAT ARE GUARD CELLS? -
Cells that cover and protect
the stomata. -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN
THE SUN COMES UP? -
PS starts...
glucose is made...
osmosis
H2O rush into guard cells
which expand & rock back -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN
THE SUN GOES DOWN? -
PS ends...
cell respiration uses glucose...
H2O leaves cells...
guard cells shrink &
collapse in. -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS
WAHT ARE THE 2
PARTS OF MESOPHYLL -
Pallisade parynchyma
(upper mesophyll)
Spongy parenchyma
(lower mesphyll) -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS
VASCULAR TISSUE (VEIN) -
XYLEM:
Carries H2O to the leaf
PHLOEM:
Carries glucose and
wastes away from the leaf. -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS
TRANSPIRATION -
Loss of H2O vapor
through the stomates -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS
COHESION -
H2O is pulled up the
stem Xylem by strong
attraction of water molecules
to each other. -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS
ADHESION -
Strong attraction of water
molecules to the Xylem Walls. -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
WHAT ARE THE 3
PARTS OF THE
CHLOROPLAST? -
Thylakoids
Grana
Stroma -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
CHLOROPLAST
WHAT ARE
THYLOAKOIDS? -
Flattened sacs in the
Choroplast where the
light reaction occurs. -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
CHLOROPLAST
WHAT ARE
GRANA? -
Stacked thylakoids
in the
Choroplast -
LEAF STRUCTURE:
CHLOROPLAST
WHAT ARE
STROMA? -
Solution that surrounds
the Grana (calvin cycle
occurs here) in the
Choroplast -
WHAT ARE THE
TWO STEPS IN THE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PROCESS? -
Light Reaction
Calvin Cycle -
WHERE DOES LIGHT
REACTION OCCUR? - In the thylakoids
-
WHAT HAPPENS DURING
LIGHT REACTION? -
It makes a building
material for CO2
fixation, H+ and ATP. -
WHAT ARE THE KEY
PRODUCTS OF
LIGHT REACTION? -
A TP
NADPH -
LIGHT REACTION
STEP 1 -
Two groups of pigments
called PS I and PS II work
together to absorb radiant
energy. -
LIGHT REACTION
STEP 2 -
Radiant energy is concentrated
and transferres to special
chlorophyll "a" molecules called
reaction centers. (Reaction
centers are a section in the
PS I and PS II.) -
LIGHT REACTION
STEP 3 -
Electrons in each reaction center
are eregized and the capured
by protein electron transport
system (ETS). -
LIGHT REACTION
STEP 4 -
Electrons lost from the PS II
are replaced by H2O that is
cleared only at PS II's
reaction center.
H2O....2H+ + 2e - +O -
LIGHT REACTION
STEP 5 -
A+ the end from H20 of the
e.t.s. the electrons H+s from
H2O are picked up by the
coenzyme NadP+ forming
NAPH + carried to the
stroma to the calvin cycle. -
LIGHT REACTION
STEP 6 -
A high [A+] build up
inside the thylakoid.
The H+'s diffuse through
the thylakoid membrane
passing through an
enzyme called ATP
synthestaz uses the H+
kinetic energy to attach a
Phosphate to ADP forming ATP. -
LIGHT REACTION
REACTION SUMMARY -
ATP _ NADPH production
H2O cleared to provide
electrons +O2
Occurs during daylight. -
WHERE DOES THE CALVIN
CYCLE OCCUR? - In the Stroma
-
WHAT DOES THE CALVIN
CYCLE REQUIRE? -
The products from the
light reaction to occur:
NADPH & ATP. -
CALVIN CYCLE
STEP 1 -
The enzyme Rubisco helps
to combine one molecule
of 5C-UBP to one CO2
(C02 Fixation). -
CALVIN CYCLE
STEP 2 -
Each PGA reacts with it's
own ATP and NADPH
forming two molecules
of PGAL (C3H6O3) -
CALVIN CYCLE
STEP 3 -
The Calvin Cyle must turn
3 times. Each turn producing
1CO2 to produce 6 PGALS
of the 6PGALS made, 5 are
required to go back into the
cycle to generate move RUBP. -
CALVIN CYCLE
SUMMARY -
CALVIN CYCLE SUMMARY:
CO2 Fixation
Oxidation/Reduction
1PGAL = 2 turns
2 PGALS + 1 Glucose molecule
1 Glucose Molecule = 6 turns - PHOTORESPIRATION
-
Process where Rubisco
reacts with )2 and RUBP -
WHAT RESULTS
FROM
PHOTO-
RESPIRATION? -
1 molecule of 3C-PGA
and 1 molecule of 2C
Glycolate. -
WHAT ARE THE 4
FACTORS THAT
EFFECT PHOTO-
SYNTHESIS? -
Temperature
CO2 Concentration
O2 Concentration
Light intensity