BIO112 Final 2
Terms
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- Branches that dont reach the top
- extinct
- A \"fork\" in the evolution branching means
- a new species is formed
- The base of the bush represents
- start of life on Earth
- Top of the bush on the branching tree is
- the EXTANT life
- Who wrote the On the Origin of SPecies by means of Natural Selection.\"
- C Darwin in 1859 and is bases on experiences from a 5 year trip from around the world with DOMESTIC animal
- WHose ideas united the field of biology
- Charles Darwin
- Other than C.Darwin who was the other guy who helped with natural selection
- Alfred Wallace
- What is the major MECHANISM of evolution (it causes change in populations over time)
- natural selection
- What selection is where man SELECTS certain varieties of the domestic animal and plants (responsible for breeding)
- artificial selection
- What selections selects with natural selection
- nature
- If the weather gets colder, drier, wetter it is a _____ that life forms are exposed to the act as a selective force
- abiotic factor
- Climate change is an exampled of a
- nature selective force
- T or F: Climate of earth is static.
- FALSE: NOT STATIC
- Competition, Predation, and parasitism is examples of what factors
- biotic factors of natural selection
- In nature selection, you\'ll see variation in _____, ________, and _________ among individuals of population
- morphology physiology behavior
- If there is no variation, there is no _____
- evolution
- Some individuals of population may have certain ________ (eg. thicker fur, faster metabolism for heat generation, burrowing behavior) that allow them to survive different environmental conditions
- phenotypes
- Individuals with traits that IMPROVE survival get ______
- selected for
- individuals that doesnt have traits to survive get _____
- selected against
- Individuals of population with traits that allow them to survive better and reproduce more offspring (i.e. differential reproduction) have ___________
- greater fitness
- Individuals with greater fitness will ______ better than cohorts
- adapt
- traits must be ______ to be passed on
- heritable
- _______ evolve, NOT INDIVIDUALS
- populations
- if popluations have changed =?
- evolved
- Individuals that survive and reproduce more offspring , pass their _______ for adaptive traits on to the next generation
- alleles
- ___________ changes overtime and is in response to changes in environment
- allelic frequency of populations
- When individuals of populations do not adapt which allows them to survive the environmental conditions, it will become
- extinct
- A group of interbreeding populations that share the same gene pool (reproductively isolated from others)
- species
- Populations on plates exposed to _______climatic conditions over time
- changing
- In nature see______ in morphology, physiology and behavior among individuals of population
- Variation
- Without variation ___ evolution
- No
- Group of interbreeding populations that share gene pool; reproductively isolated from other species
- Species
- What are the two types of speciation
- allopatric and sympatric speciation
- In allopatric speciation populations composed of individuals taht interbreed and see similar colors indicate little variation in phenotype and genotype(same species) in two populations because of (and individuals move freely and breed between two populati
- gene flow
- As time passes, ________(e.g., mountain range, river, ocean, ice sheet, etc.) may divide original population(s) and prevent gene flow
- geographic barriers
- Changes may include traits that affect reproductive biology; may leed to "________" i.e., members of two populations can no longer interbreed freely. Now have two species
- reproductive isolation
- if reproductive isolation has not occured, then will see ______ interbreeding and still have ___ species
-
significant
one - ______reproduction does not occur due to differences in habitat, breeding time, behavior, and morphology mechanisms that prevent zygote from being formed
- Prezygotic isolating mechanisms
- _____populations live in different habitats and do not meet
- Habitat isolation
- little or no sexual attraction between males and females
- Behavioral isolation
- mating or flowering occurs at different seasons or times a day
- Temporal isolation
- structural differences in genitalia or flowers prevent copopulation or pollen transfer
- Mechanical isolation
- female and male gametes fail to attract each other are inviable
- Gametic isolation
- reproduction takes place but, zygote or hybrid dies before maturity, hybrid sterile, and hybrid offspring has reduced viability or fertility(hybrid breakdown)
- Postzygotic isolating mechanisms
- hybrid zygotes fail to develop or fail to reach sexual maturity
- Reduced hybrid viability
- hybrids fall to produce functional gametes
- reduced hybrid fertility
- offspring of hybrids have reduced viability or fertility
- Hybrid Breakdown