Cardio Cards
Terms
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- The fluid that circulates through the heart & the blood vessels.
- Blood
- Pertaining to the heart.
- Cardiac
- The study of the heart
- Cardiology
- The system through which the nutrient fluids of the body circulate
- Circulatory System
- The process of clotting
- Coagulation
- A clot or other plug, usually part or all of a thrombus, brought by the blood from another vessel & forced into a smaller one, thus obstructing circulation.
- Embolus
- A protein formed in the blood which is related to the ability to resist infection
- Gammas Globulin
- The science concerned with blood & the blood-forming tissues
- Hematology
- The iron-containing pigment of the red blood cells. Composed of iron & protein. It is the oxygen carrying red pigment of the red blood cell.
- Hemoglobin
- The destruction of red blood cells with liberation of hemoglobin into the surrounding fluid.
- Hemolysis
- A sex-linked hereditary blood disease in which blood fails to clot & abnormal bleeding occurs.
- Hemophilia
- Abnormal internal or external bleeding
- Hemorrhage
- Arrest of bleeding or of circulation
- Hemostasis
- State of equilibrium of the internal environment
- Homeostasis
- Pertaining to the outer part or surface of the body; part away from the center
- Peripheral
- Inflammation of a vein, especially in the veins of the lower limbs.
- Phlebitis
- Involving the lungs
- Pulmonary
- Pertaining to the whole body rather than to one of its parts
- Systemic
- A solid mass formed in the living heart or vessels from constituents of the blood; attached to the wall of the vessel.
- Thrombus
- Injection of the blood of one person into the blood vessels of another
- Transfusion
- Swollen, distended, & knotted veins, usually in the subcutaneous tissues of the leg
- Varicose Veins
- Narrowing of the caliber of blood vessels
- Vasoconstriction
- Widening of blood vessels
- Vasodilation
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1. Transports various substances to & from body cells such as O2, CO2, food, water, chemicals, hormones, & wastes.
2. Protects body against invading microorganisms.
3. Helps regulate body temperature
4. Maintains - Functions of the Circulatory System
- Pumps blood into the arteries
- Heart
- Carry blood to & from the heart, & thus carry oxygen & nutritive materials to the body & remove products of metabolism.
- Blood Vessels
- Forms blood cells & hemoglobin
- Red Bone Marrow
- Carry lymph & tissue fluid, help to filter the blood, & manufacture lymphocytes
- Lymphatic Vessels & Nodes
-
1. Heart
2. Blood Vessels
3. Red Bone Marrow
4. Lymphatic Vessels & Nodes
5. Spleen - Organs of the Circulatory System
- Forms lymphocytes & monocytes, stores blood cells, and filters out bacteria & worn-out red blood cells.
- Spleen
- Liquid part of blood which serves as a source of nutrition & a means of removing waste products from the body cells
- Blood Plasma
- Formed elements part of blood
-
Blood Cells:
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)
- White Blood Cells (WBC)
- Blood platelets - Blood Cells that transport respiratory gases: CO2 & O2
-
Red Blood Cells
RBC - Blood cells that ingest & digest foreign particles in blood, form antibodies, & release heparin which prevents intravascular clotting
-
White Blood Cells
WBC - Blood cells that initiate clotting
- Blood Platelets
-
Red Bone Marrow:
- skull
- vertebrae
- ribs
- sternum
- proximal epiphysis of femur & humerus - Sites of the formation of Red Blood Cells
- Rate of Red Blood Cell formation
- RBCs are formed continually, millions every hour.
- Life span of RBCs?
- 120 Days
-
Break apart or rupture in the capillaries of the liver and/or the spleen. Liver breaks down the fragments.
Can also be destroyed by normal stress:
- Mechanical destruction, as when taking blood from a vein.
- Hemolysis: Hypotonic sol - How are RBCs destroyed?
- 4.5 - 5.5 million/cubic milimeter
-
Lab Test -
Erythrocyte (RBC) count -
The percentage count of total blood volume composed of RBC.
- male: 42-50%
- female: 40-48% -
Lab Test -
Hematocrit count -
The amount of hemoglobin expressed in grams per 100 milliliters of blood.
- male: 14-18 grams/100 ml
- female: 12-16 grams/100 ml -
Lab Test -
Hemoglobin - Give information about the red cell production rate
-
Lab Test -
Reticulocyte count -
Red minute, disk-shaped cells with central area thinner than the edges (concave)
Very Flexible & elastic
3,000 cells side-by-side are equal to 1 inch in length
Mature cells contain no nucleus; therefore, no further gr - Characteristics of RBCs
-
Colorless, amoeboid-like cells
Nuclei vary in shape depending on the type of cell. -
Characteristics of White Blood Cells
AKA white corpuscles
leukocytes -
Neutrophils - 60-70% of all WBC
Lymphocytes - 20-30% of all WBC
Monocytes - trace amounts
Basophils - trace amounts
Eosinophils - trace amounts - Types of WBCs
-
1. Phagocytosis
2. Formation of antibodies by lymphocytes
3. Release of heparin by basophils - Functions of WBCs
-
WBC Site of Formation & Life Span
- Netrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
- lymphocytes
- monocytes -
Neutrophils, eosinophils & basophils
Red Bone Marrow
Lymphocytes
Lymph Nodes
Monocytes
cell lining the capillaries
in various organs, especially the spleen
Life Span
1-12 Days -
Lab Test-
Leukocyte count -
WBC count
5,000 - 10,000/ cubic millimeter
elevation usually indicates infection
or pathological condition -
round or oval disk shaped cells that
initiate the clotting mechanism.
They are formed in the Red Bone Marrow
Their life span is 1 to 4 days - Platelets
-
Lab Test -
Platelet Count - 200k to 500k/cubic millimeter
-
Unoxygenated: carried by veins and is purple or deep red
Oxygenated: carried by arteries and is bright red - Blood Color
-
Taste: slightly metalic & salty
Reaction: slightly alkeline, pH 7.35 - 7.45
Specific Gravity: 1.050 - 1.065
slightly heavier than water - Physical Characteristics of Blood
-
Varies with weight & sex of the individual
but average total is 5,000 - 5,500 cc. in
average plasma - Amount of blood in the body
-
- 45% cells, 55% plasma
- 78% water, 22% solids - Consistency of Blood
-
a. water: 90%
b. Solutes: 10%
-- Electrolytes: mineral salts
-- Nutrients: Glucose, amino acids, fats
-- Metabolic wastes: Urea, uric acid, creatinine, lactic acid
-- Respiratory gases: O2 & CO2
-- Regulatory subst - Composition of blood plasma