chemistry chapter 14
Terms
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- dissociation
- separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves
- net ionic equation
- includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution
- spectator ions
- ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reation
- ionization
- ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent in this process
- hydronium ion
- H3O+
- strong electrolyte
- any compound of which all or almost all of the dissolved coupound exists as ions in an aqueous solution
- weak electrolyte
- compound of which a relatively small amount of the dissolved compound exists as ions in an aqueous solution
- colligative properties
- properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles but not on their identity
- non-volatile substance
- one that has little tendancy to become a gas under existing conditions
- molal freezing-point constant (Kf)
- the freezing point depression of the solvent in a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute
- freezing point depression
- the difference between the freezing points of the pure solvent and a solution of a nonelectrolyte in that solvent, and it is directly porportional to the molal concentration of the solution
- molal boiling point constant (Kb)
- the boiling point elevation of the solvent in a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute.
- boiling point elevation
- the difference between the boiling points of the pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte solution of that solvent, and it is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution
- semipermeable membrane
- allow the movement of some particles while blocking the movement of others
- osmosis
- the movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from the side of lower solute concentration to the side of higher solute concentration
- osmotic pressure
- the external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis