APUSH study ch.20-26
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- Fort Sumter
- 1861 Sumter was 2 of 2 forts in South still under Union control-lincoln tried to send supplies-confederate army bombarded
- Bull Run
- a creek-Union failed to besiege Richmond&fled back 2 washington - confederacy victory-bothsides not ready
- Monitor v. Merrimac
- Monitor - Union. Merrimac - Confederacy //First engagement ever between two iron-clad naval vessels-draw
- Copperheads
- anti-war Northern Democrats
- Jefferson Davis, Alexander Stephens
- Davis chosen as president of the Confederacy in 1861. Stephens was vice-president.
- Emancipation Proclamation
- September 22, 1862 - Lincoln freed all slaves in states that had seceded, after Northern victory at Battle of Antietam
- Election of 1864
- Lincoln ran against Democrat General McClellan. Lincoln won
- John Wilkes Booth
- actor who assassinated Lincoln in a theater
- Appomatox
- Grant corners Robert E Lee & confederates here & Lee surrenders ending the war-1865
- Anaconda Plan
- by Union Winfield Scott-planned naval blockade to shut out supplies fr Euro & to take Mississippi River
- Wade-Davis Bill
- by radical repubs-confederate would have to swear an "ironclad oath" of loyalty-Lincoln vetoed
- Black codes
- Restrictions on the freedom of former slaves, passed by Southern governments
- Andrew Johnson
- V.P. of Lincoln - became president. opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts
- Freedmen's Bureau
- 1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting to freedom. It furnished food and clothing
- 13th amendment
- 1865 - Freed all slaves, abolished slavery.
- 14th amendment
- 1868full citizenship to all native-born or naturalized Americans, including former slaves and immigrants
- 15th amendment
- 1870 - No one could be denied the right to vote on account of race, color or having been a slave
- Lincoln's 10% Plan
- Confederate states would be readmitted to Union if 10% of citizens took loyalty oath & state agreed to ratify 13th Amendment
- Ku Klux Klan
- White-supremacist group formed by 6 former Conferedate officers after the Civil War-attackedblacks
- Ulysses S. Grant
- 1873 repub. after Andrew Johnson led a corrupt adminis., consisting of friends and relatives
- Compromise of 1877
- prez Hayes promised to end reconstruction in return for southern acceptance of his victory in election
- Election of 1876
- Rutherford B. Hayes - liberal Republican (won) Samuel J. Tilden - Democ- fraud was suspected.
- Pendleton Act
- Office holders would be assessed on a merit basis to be sure they were fit for duty
- Stalwarts
- Republicans fighting for civil service reform during Garfield's term; they supported Cleveland.
- Half-breeds
- Favored tariff reform and social reform, major issues from the Democratic and Republican parties
- Panic of 1873
- Unrestrained speculation on rr let to disaster - inflation&strikes by rr workers-3million jobless
- Credit Mobilier
- co. hired to construct rr-charged fed gov twice as much of cost&bribed congress to stop investigation
- Horizontal integration
- monopoly where company gains control of one aspect of an entire industry or manufacturing process
- Vertical integration
- company gains control of every step of the manufacturing process for a single product
- Black Friday
- Jay Gould&Jim Fiske schemed to corner the gold market-price of gold was bid up furisouly
- Salary Grab Act
- 1873-cong voted a 100% pay raise for prez&50% increase for itself& made both retroactive in 2 yrs
- Whisky Ring
- treasury officials tried to defraud gov. of $ from exise tax on whiskey-grant's sec. involved
- Belknap bribery
- secofwar Belknap accepted bribes fr corrupt agents involving departm. of Indian affairs-resigned
- Boss Tweed
- Large political boss and head of Tammany Hall, he controlled New York
- Thomas Nast
- Newspaper cartoonist who produced satirical cartoons-nearly brought down Boss Tweed.
- Eugene V. Debs
- Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike
- Homestead Strike
- workers at Carnegie steel plant in Pennsylvania went on strike, forcing the owner to close down
- Haymarket Square bombing
- workers met and rallied in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality. A bomb exploded, killing or injuring many
- Great Railroad Strike
- 1877 # of rr workers went on strike bc of wage cuts. After a month Prez Hayes sent troops
- Knights of Labor
- Terence Powderly-first union of ALL workers (included everyone)
- National Labor Union
- 1866 - concentrated on producer cooperation to achieve goals
- American Federation of Labor (AFL)
- Samuel Gompers 1886- by 1917 it had 2.5 million members. It is a federation of different unions
- Wabash case
- 1886-individual state laws unconstitutional bc only Cong had right to control interstate commerce
- Interstate Commerce Act
- established commission to oversee fair railway rates, prohibit rebates, end discriminatory practices,etc.
- Plessy V. Ferguson
- seperate facilities is equal
- "New Imigration"
- second major wave of immigration to the U.S.; betwen 1865-1910 mostly fr S & E Europe
- Munn v. Illinois
- states have the power to regulate business for the good of the community
- Dumbbell tenement
- poor & overcrowded Urban apartment buildings served as housing for poor factory workers.
- Chinese Exclusion act
- Denied citizenship to Chinese in the U.S. and forbid further immigration of Chinese
- Joseph Glidden
- invented barbed wire
- Dawes severalty act
- to survey Indian tribal land and divide the arable area into allotments for the individual Indian.
- Battle of the Little Big Horn
- 1876 Gen Custer & men wiped out by a coalition of Sioux & Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse
- Battle of Wounded Knee
- 1890 Sioux convinced they had been made invincible by magic, were massacred by troops at Wounded Knee, SD