psy 230
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- multidirectional
- non-linear progression ex: growth rate of a chile
- multicontextual
- # of different contexts ex: socioeconomic: education, income, neighborhood, occupation of h.o.h. cultural:values, customes, clothing, housing. historic: computers, war current events.
- multicultural
-
many cultural settings
ex: women who make more $ in japan are less likely to marry while women in sweden who make more $ are more likely to marry. - multidisciplinary
-
many academic disciplines contribute data
ex: bisocial, cognative, psychosocial - plasticity
-
personality and bodies change through life span, capacity to change
ex: risk and resilency - scientific method
-
1.formulate research question
2.develope hypthesis
3.test hypothesis
4.draw conclusions
5.make findings available - psychoanalytic theoirists
-
freud-stages
erickson-stages - behaviorism
-
classical conditioning-Pavlov-neutral stimulis is conditioned to be associated with a meaningful stimulus
operant conditioning-Skinner-response gradually learned via reinforcement or punishment
"little albert"- Watson - social learning
-
modeling-people observe and copy behavior
most likely to occur of model is admired or observer is inexperienced-Bandura - Cognative theory
-
Piaget-stages
sensorimotor
pre-opperational
concrete operational
formal operational
sociocultural-vygotsky - epigenetic
- interatction between genes and environment
- zone of proximal development
- sociocutural idea- range of skills that a learner can exercise and master with assistance ex: i wouldn't want to take basketball lessons from micheal jordon or gold lessons from tiger woods
- cross sectional research
- research method with groups who differ in age but share other important characteristics are compared
- longitudinal
- same individuals are studied over long period of time
- periods of dev.
-
germinal-1st 14 days
embryonic-3rd-8th week
fetal-9th week-birth - age of viability
- 22 weeks
- brain structures
-
neruons-brain cell
axons-send impulses (ARM)
dendrites-recive impluses (FIGNERS)
synapse-space between dendirte and axon
myelin-fat layer increses transmission rate - reflexes
-
breathing
rooting-brushing side of mouth turns to feed
sucking
grasping
moro-arms reaching
babinski-fanning of foot
stepping - SIDS
-
peaks 2-4 months
temp and smoke
asian-less likley
black-twice as likely
am Ind-highest rates - at birth how many neurons are prsenent
- >100 million
-
gross motor skills
and milestones -
tummy time-practice turning
head up, crawling, creeping, and walking - fine motor development
- grabbing, pointing, holding, transfering object from hand to hand (eye hand coordination-6 mo)
- st 1 and 2
-
primary circular reactions
focus on infant's own body
St 1-reflexes birth-1m
St 2-adaptations of reflexes 1m-4m - st 3 and 4
-
secondary circular reactions
feedback loop involving people and objects
St 3-making events last longer (repition, awareness, logic)4m-8m
St 4-New adaptaion and anticipation (goal directed behavior, object permanence)8m-12m - st 5 and 6
-
Tertiary circular reactions
feeback loop involves active experimentation and exploration ( creativity, ideas)
St 5-new means through active experimentation (little scientist) 12m-18m
St 6-new means through mental combos involves modeling 18m-24m