Chapter 18: Politics in the Gilded Age (Sections 1&2)
Terms
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- Political tactic used by many veteran candidates
- Waving the bloody shirt
- Election of 1876: GOP candidate and winner of the election
- Rutherford B. Hayes
- Decrease in prices, good for consumers and big business, caused by decreased money circulation
- Deflation
- Increase in prices, good for farmers, caused by increased money circulation
- Inflation
- Farmers wanted FEDS to give back silver into circulation for inflation
- "free silver"
- Term for paper money
- "Greenbacks"
- Hallmark of the Gilded Age
- "Spoils System"
- Election of 1880 Candidates
-
GOP - James Garfield
V.P. - Chester Arthur
Dems - Winfield Scott Hancock - Strong supporters of "spoils system"
- Stalwarts
- Want to slowly reform the "spoils system"
- Half-Breeds
- Anti-"spoils system"
- Independents
- Winner of 1880 election
- James Garfield
- Garfield's assassinator
- Charles Guiteau
- Term for South because for 60 years voted Democrat
- "Solid South"
- Act passed by Arthur to outlaw "spoils system"
- Pendleton Civil Service Act
- Candidates for 1884 election
-
GOP - James Blaine
Dems - Grover Cleveland - Winner of 1884 election
- Grover Cleveland(D)
- Cleveland's major achievement as President
- Interstate Commerce Act
-
-Railroad rates must be based on distance traveled
-Railroad rates must be posted in public - Interstate Commerce Act
- Candidates for 1888 election
-
Dems - Grover Cleveland
GOP - Benjamin Harrison - Winner of 1888 election
- Benjamin Harrison
- Major issue for campaigns of 1888 election
- Tariffs
- Party that supported tariffs
- GOP
- Party that was anti-tariffs
- Democrats
- Act signed by Harrison to increase tariffs
- McKinley Tariff Act
- Signed by Harrison to limit monopolies
- Sherman Anti-Trust Act
- Used by Democrats to stop laws permitting black voting
- Filibuster
- In Congress, where everything is at a standstill and nothing will be passed
- Gridlock
- Rutherford B. Hayes' 2 major problems
-
1. Took presidency during depression
2. Forced to send in Army to break up strikes - Year of violence
- 1877
- Leader of the stalwarts, senator, NY State boss, whose power was based on "spoils system"
- Roscoe Conkling
- Influential citizens who worked hard to abolish "spoils system"
-
Carl Schurz
George W. Curtis (Harper's Weekly) - Republican names for pompous reformers
- Mugwumps
- Senator who oversaw the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act
- Shelby M. Cullom
- Representative from Maine who was nicknamed "Czar" and forced the House to adopt "Reed Rules"
- Thomas B. Reed
- Republican representative who drew up a bill that allowed the FEDS to see that there were fair elections including blacks
- Henry Cabot Lodge
- Act vetoed by Cleveland but willingly signed by Harrison
- Dependent Pension Act