soc 280
Terms
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- Absolute poverty
- a condition that exists when people do not have the means to secure the most basic necessities of life.
- Ageism
- prejudice and discr. on the basis of age
- Age stratification
- inequalities, differences, segregation, or conflict between age groups.
- Class system
- a system of social inequality based on the ownership and control of resources and on the type of work people do.
- Cohabitation
- two adults living together in a sexual relationship without being legally married.
- Compulsory heterosexuality
- institutionalized practices that presume women are innately sexually oriented to men and men are too women, and that supports privileges associated with heterosexuality
- Discrimination
- actions or practices of dominant group members that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups.
- Domestic partnership
- a household partnership in which an unmarried couple lives together in a committed, sexually intimate relationship and is granted the same rights and benefits accorded to a married couple.
- Dominant group
- has advantages and superior resources and rights in society.
- Ethnocentrism
- the assumption that one’s own group and way of life are superior to all others.
- Feminization of poverty
- the trend whereby women are disproportionately represented among individuals living in poverty.
- Gender
- culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males that are based on meanings, beliefs, and practices that a group or society associates with feminitey or maculinity
- Gender belief system
- social basis for gender roles, the idea of masculinity and femininity that are held to be valid in a society.
- Gender bias
- a situation in which favoritism is shown to one gender.
- Gender institution
- total pattern of gender relations embedded in societal institions
- Gender roles
- rights, responsibilities, expectations, and relationships of men and women in society.
- Gender stratification
- he hierarchical distribution of economic and social resources along the lines of gender.
- Glass ceiling
- The thing women run into when trying to climb the corporate ladder.
- Glass escalator
- the thing men use to pass women on the corporate ladder.
- Hate crime
- a physical attack against a person because of assumptions regarding their racial group, ethnicity, religion, disability, sexual orientation, national origin or ancestry.
- Heterosexism
- institutionalized set of behaviors and beliefs that presume heterosexuality to be the only form of acceptable sexual expression
- Homophobia
- excessive fear or intolerance for homosexuality.
- Inequality
- the condition of being unequal
- Individual discrimination
- one on one acts by members of the dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their property.
- Institutional discrimination
- day to day practices of orgs. And inst. That have a harmful impact on members of the subordinate groups.
- Life chances
- the extent to which individuals have access to important societal resources such as food, clothing, shelter, education, and health care.
- Macrolevel analysis
- focuses on social processes occurring at the societal level, especially in large scale organizations and major social institutions such as politics, government, and the economy.
- Microlevel analysis
- focuses on small-group relations ands social interactions among individuals.
- Patriarchy
- a hierarchical system of social organizations in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by men.
- Poverty rate
- the proportion of the population whose income falls below the government’s official poverty line – the level of income below which a family of a given size is considered to be poor.
- Poverty threshold
- The official federal poverty measure. Using a formula, that incorporates the number of members in a household, and is adjusted each year for cost of living increases. This threshold is an income level amount; if an individual/family earns less than that determined amount, that individual/family is considered poor.
- Prejudice
- a negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of selected racial and ethnic groups.
- Racism
- a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group.
- Sex
- biological difference between men and women
- Sexism
- the subordination of one sex, usually female, based on the assumed superiority of the other sex.
- Sexual harassment
- unwanted sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature.
- Sexual orientation
- a preference for emotional-sexual relationships with individuals of the same sex, opposite sex, or both
- Sexuality
- attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to sexual attraction and intimate relationships with others
- Social problem
- a social condition or a pattern of behavior that harms some individuals or all people in a society and that sufficient people warrant change.
- Social stratification
- the hierarchical arrangement of large social groups on the basis of their control over basic resources.
- Socialization
- the process by which society influences members to internalize attitudes, beliefs, values and expectations
- Sociological Imagination
- the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society.
- Stereotypes
- overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of all members of a group.
- Subordinate group
- disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by majority group because of physical or cultural characteristics and regard themselves as objects of collective discr.
- Wage gap
- the disparity between women’s and men’s earnings