IAH 241A EXAM 2
Terms
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- cultural evolution
- different cultures are at different stages of development. Four stages (primitive, savage, barbarian, civilized)
- primitive
- hunter/gatherers
- savage
- more socially organized but still basically primitive; native americans
- barbarian
- even more organized
- civilized
- white Europeans who developed this theory
- pathogenic
- arising from emotions
- logogenic
- arising from reason or logic
- comparative musicology
- started in the 1880s; colonial expansion; extermination or forced migration
- powwow
- from Algonquin language; means “healing ceremonyâ€; part of war dances for warrior’s protection; various activities games and trading
- falsetto
- high pitched singing
- diminutives
- nicknames
- vocables
-
to call; a word composed of various sounds or letters without regard to its meaning
monophony- two or more voices/ instruments playing same melodic pattern
- tail
- repeat of last phrase
- yebichai
- part of nightway ceremony; masked dancers impersonate gods; ritual purification; means “grandfathers of the godsâ€
- sand paintings
- depictions of the gods; invitations for gods to participate
- nightway ceremony
- ritual purification; sand paintings; last nine nights
- enemyway ceremony
- used to alleviate sickness from battle; takes place over three days; ritual reenactment of battle; enemy ghost is ritually killed
- wigwam
- traditional ojibwe dwelling
- fry bread
- fried bread; used to make Indian tacos
- traditional dances (men and women)
- grand entry; mens (great variety in regalia, grass dancers, fancy dancers); women (traditional, jingle dress, shawl dances)
- grass dances
- from northern plains people (Cheyenne, Sioux, Lakota)
- fancy dances
- circular bustles on arms and backs
- jingle dress dances
- jingles made from curved snuff tins
- shawl dances
- female equivalent of fancy dancers
- Native American church
- uses peyote
- regalia
- clothing worn during powwow; not costume; expression of individual, family and community
- grand entry
- parade of dancers and flag bearers
- indian flag
- curved staff with feathers
- water drum
- drum filled with water, used in native American church
- syncretism
- combination of different forms of belief or practice
- African Methodist Episcopal Church
- black church; Richard allen- preacher/leader
- patting juba
- handclapping technique for dance “patting jubaâ€
- hambone
- handclapping and singing in rhyme
- sung sermon
- talk: regular speech patterns. Recitation: regular speech with rhythm and cadence. Chant: strong rhythm, different pitches. Song-chant: closer to song w/o full melody.song: melodic contour melody
- lining out
- clerk or precentor , gives each line of a hymn tune as it is to be sung, usually in a chanted form giving or suggesting the tune. It can be considered a form of call and response.
- melismatic texture
- more than one note per syllable
- syllabic texture
- one note per syllable
- spirituals
- African American religious folksongs
- gospel
- came out of holiness movement; combination of spirituals/college and jubilee quartets/blues/jazz/vocal and instrumental imporv
- hemiola
- metrical pattern in which two bars in simple triple time are articulated as if they were three bars in simple duple time
- hocket
- overlapping parts to create single musical texture
- forest people
- encompassing several ethnic groups from Africa
- Asantehene
- african clan king
- timbre
- tone color or quality
- mande
- ethnic group
- jaliya
- praise singing preformed by jali; serve wealthy patrons/sing about local history
- kora
- spiked bridge harp
- mnemonics
- short formula used as a memory aid
- timeline
- rhythmic line holding musical parts together remembered with mnemonics (kpelle)
- agbekor
- music and dance of Ewe people; originated as war drumming (agbe- life. Kor-clear)
- vodou/voodoo
- voodoo- US interpretation of Haitian culture (stereotype: black magic/dolls/ritual murders/zombies). Vodou- syncretic/monotheistic/different denominations
- legba
- the intermediary between the lwa and humanity
- danbala
- powerful spirit, associated with snakes
- ogou
- Lwa; presides over fire, iron, hunting, politics and war. He is the patron of smiths
- ezili
- spirit of love and beauty and childbirth; associated with virgin Mary
- langaj
- glossolalia (speaking in tongues)
- ousi
- take on attributes of Lwa; initiates (ousi) achieve ASC
- ason
- “sacred tongue of Danbalaâ€; rattle used to conduct services
- tanbou
- drum
- rada
- cool, agricultural sprits
- petwo
- hot, aggressive spirits
- kreyol
- syncretic language with French vocabulary and African languages
- nanchon
- nation or family of spirits
- veve
- flour or cornmeal drawings that invites Lwa to ceremony
- bondye
- what god is called
- lwa
- catholic saints merged with African spirits
- ougan
- male vodou priest
- manbo
- female vodou priest
- lanbi
- shell horn
- ogan
- struck piece of metal; plays timeline
- polyrhythm
- combination of 2 or more contrasting rhythms