Micro Bio Chapter 23
Terms
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- What is the function of the cardiovascular and lymoathic systems?
- they both circulate various substance throughout the body and can serve as vehciles for the spread of infection
-
NAME (2)
both of these systems circulate various substances throughout the body and can serve as vehicles for the spread of the infection - cardiovascular and lymoathic infections
- What is the cardiovascular system? (3)
- (1)the heart,(2) blood vessels, and (3) blood
- What is the heart>
- a muscular hollow organ that pumps blood troughtout the body by coordinated nerve impulses and muscular contractions
-
NAME
consists of the heart, blood vessels, and the blood - cardiovascular system
-
NAME
the muscular hollow organ that pumps blood throughout the body by coordinated nerve impluses and muscular contractions - heart
- Describe the blood flow
- arteries take blood away from the heart and the viens take blood to the heart into the capillary bed
- (1)take the blood away from the heart
- arteries
- (1)take blood to the heart
- viens
- What are the blood vessels>
- are any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood
-
NAME
are any of one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood - blood vessels
- Give (3) ex of blood vessels?
- (1)arteries (2)capillaries (3)viens
- arteries, capillaries, and veins are all exs of (1)
- blood vessels
- What is the blood made up of?(3)
- (1)plasma (2)red blood cells (3)white blood cells
- What is plasma?
- transport dissolved nutrients to body cells and carries wastes away from celsl
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NAME
transports and dissolved nutrients of muscular tubes that carries wastes away from the cells - plasma
- What are red blood cells?
- are erythrocytes
-
NAME
are erythrocytes - red blood cells
-
NAME
are leukocytes - white blood cells
- What are white blood cells?
- leukocytes
- What are leukocytes?
- is the body defense system
-
NAME
is the body defense system - leukocytes
- What are erythrocytes?
- carry oxygen
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NAME
carry oxygen - erythrocytes
- What are the lymphiod organs? (4)
- (1)tonsils (2)appendix (3)spleen (4) thymus
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NAME
consist of the tonsils, appendix, spleen, and thymus - lymphiod organs
- What is the lymphatic system ?
- (1)lymph (2)lymph capillaires (3)lymph notes (4) lymphiod organs
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NAME
consist of the lymph, lymph capillaires, and lymphiod organs - lympatic system
- plasma leaves blood and enters spaces btwn tissue cells is called (1)
- interstitial space
- What is the interstitral space?
- spaces btwn tissue cells by which plasma leaves and enters the cells
- What is the interistial fluid?
- plasma that enters the inertstial space
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NAME
plasma that enters the intersitial space - interistial fluid
- What happens to the plasma iwhen it is leaving the intersital ?
- is taken up by the lymph cappilaries and becomes lymph
- As the plasma or lympth moves into the lymph capilaries, what can happen?
- the plasma can pick up microbes and their products
- What are lympth nodes?
- are macrophages that help clear the lympth of microbes
-
NAME
are macrophages that help clear the lympth of microbes - lympth nodes
- What happens to the plasma when it becomes lympth ?
- the lympth returns to the heart passing at least through one lymth node and all the lymth is eventually returned to the heart
- What is septicemia?
- uncontrolled proliferation of microbes in the blood
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NAME
uncontrolled proliferation of microbes in the blood - speticemia
- What is lypmhangitis?
- chills and fever inflamed lymph vessels
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NAME
chills and fever inflamed lymph vessels - lypmhangitis
- red streaks under the skin indicate (1)
- blood poisioning
- What indicates blood poisning?
- red streaks under the skin
- What is sepsis?
- bacteria growing in the blood resulting from septicemia
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NAME
bacteria in the blood resulting from speticemia - sepsis
- What is sepsis usally caused by?
- gram - rods from either an injury in the hosptial or in the hospital from a cathter or feeding tube
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NAME
gram - rods from either an injury in the hosptial or in the hospital from either a catheter or feeding tube - spesis
- What is septic shock?
- when as the bacteria die, endotoxins are releases and blood pressure drops
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NAME
is when bacteria die, and endotoxins are released and the blood pressure drops - septic shock
- When dealing with septic shock and antibiotics, what is the outcome?
- antibiotics worsen the condition and mortailty rate is 50%
- What is GBS?
- group B strep
- What is GBS caused by?
- streptococcous agalactiae
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NAME
is caused by streptococcous agalactiae - GBS
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NAME
is the leading cause of neonatal sepis and meningitis - GBS
- GBS is the leading cause of (1) and (2)
- neonatal sepis and mengtisitis in the united states and europe
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NAME
has a 50-30 mortalitly rate and 30 % of those that survie have CNS damage - GBS
- Who should be tested for GBS?
- all women btwn 35 to 37 weeks of pregrancy
- How is GBS transimted?
- to the baby before and after the birth
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NAME
symtoms include fever, respiratry diseases, and lethargy appear w in a few days of birth at early onset and "later onset" meningitis was present - GBS
- What are the symtopoms for GBS?
- symtoms include fever, respiratry diseases, and lethargy appear w in a few days of birth at early onset and "later onset" meningitis was present
- If pregant women are found w GBS, they should be (1)
- placed on antibiotics right away
- Where in a very few cases can GBS be found?
- (1)lower intestine, (2)vaginal flora
- Is GBS sexually transmitted?
- no
- What is the endocarditis ?
- endocardium that lines the heart muscles and covers the heart valves
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NAME
inflammation of the endocardium - endcarditis
- HOW do people get Subacute bacterial endocarditis?
- when bacteria enters the bloodstream from other sites such as tooth extractions, and tonsillectomies because the heart vavles are abnormal and the bacteria get entrapped in blood clots and the clot can break off and block blood vessels
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NAME
when bacteria enters the bloodstream from other sites such as tooth extractions, and tonsillectomies because the heart vavles are abnormal and the bacteria get entrapped in blood clots and the clot can break off and block blood vessels - subactute bacterial endocarditis
- Why do heat valves usally become abnromal?
- Rheumatic fever
- What are the symptoms of subacute bacterial nedocarditis?
- (1)slow deveolpment (2) fever (3)weakness (4)heat murmur
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NAME
has slow development and symtopoms include fever, weakness, and heart murmur - subacute bacterial neocarditis
- What causes subacute bacterial nedocarditis? (3)
- (1)alphya-hemolytic streptococci (2)staphloycoccus (3)and or enterococci
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NAME
is usally caused by alphya-hemolytic steptococci, staphlyococcus, and / or enterococci - subacute bacterial nedocarditis
- What is acute bacterial endocarditis?
- infection of normal and abnormal heart valves
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NAME
infection of normal and abnormal heat vavles - acute bacterial endocarditis
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NAME
is caused by staphlococcus aureus - acute bacterial endocarditis
- What causes acute bacterial endocarditis
- staphlyococcus aureus
- What happens in one gets acute bacterial endocarditis?
- fatal within days if not treated
- What is rheumatic fever?
- an autoimmune complication causing the inflammation of the heat valve bc of untreated strep throat primarily children and tenneagers
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NAME
is an autoimmune complication followed by strep throat primarily in children and teenagers - rhematic fever
- What happens in rheumatic fever?
- antibodies to strep cross react w heart protiens damaging the valves and reinfection w strep renews the immune attack
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NAME
antibodies to strep cross react w heart protiens damaging the valves and reinfection w strep renews the immune attack - rheumatic fever
- What causes rheymatic fever?
- asociated w a strain of streptococcus pyogenes containing M proetien serotype
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NAME
is caused by streptococcus pyogenes containing M protien serotype and this type of bacteria one the decline in the USA - rheymatic fever
- What are systemic diseases?
- diseases caused by bites and scratches
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NAME
are diseases caused by bites and scractches - systemic diseases
- Dog bites have a high rate of infection when (1)
- not cleaned properly
- Domestic aniamals can harbor (1) which can cause severe pain, swelling, pneumonia, speticemia, and death
- Pasteurella multocida
- What can pasturella multocida do? and where is it found?
- domestica animals when bite people can caue severe pain, swelling, pneumonia, speticemia, pneumonia, and death
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T or F
human bites are prone to bacterial infection - true
- What causes cat-scratch ?
- Bartonella henselae
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NAME
can cause cat-scratch disease - bartonella henselae
- How can cat-scrach disase be transimted?
- when bacteria from cats saliva is deposited on fur and person pets cat and then rubs their own eyes
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NAME
can be transmitted when bacteria from cat's salivia is deposoited on fur and then person pats cat on its own and then rubs their eyes resulting in conjunctivitis - cat-scratch disease
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NAME
scratch or bite produces a papule at site 3-10 days, after intial contact swelling of lympth notes, sickness, and fever follow, usally the infection on its own but in severe cases anitbitoics are needed - cat-scratch disease
- What are the sypmtoms of cat-scratch disease?
- (1)bites or scratch produce a papule (2)after initial contact, swelling of lymph notes, sickness, and fever follow (3) usally the body will fight the infection on its own, but in severe cases antibiotics are needed
- What causes the plague?
- yersinia pestis
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NAME
is caused by yersinia pestis - the plague
- How is the plague transmited by?
- flea although vector is not always needed
- Why do infected fleas feed aggressively?
- bc growth of bacteria block the digestive tract and the blood ingested is quickly and regurgiated
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NAME
infected fleas feed agressvely bc growth of bacteria block the digestive tract and the blood ingested is quickly regurgiated - plague
- Where is the plage found to be?
- SW USA cases from cats, and urban tree squarils
- What does the bacteria (if plague) do when it enters the bloodstream?
- grow in the blood and lympth and the pathogen grows inside phagocytic cells
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NAME
bacteria of this desease grows in the blood and lympth and the pathogen grows inside the phagocytic cells - plague
- For the plague name the differ type of plagues? (3)
- (1)bubonic plague (2)septicemic plague (3)pneumonic plage
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T or F
for the plague to be transmitted the vector is always needed - false
- What do the different types of plague depend on?
- the symptoms
- What is the bubonic plague? (2)
- swelling of lymoth nodes, buboes, in groin or neck (2) prognoisis good if treated but untreated 75% will die
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NAME
swelling of the lympth nodes, buboes, in groin or neck, and prognois is good but if untreated 75% will die - bubonic plague
- What is the septicemic plague? (3)
- (1)bacterium moves from the nodes to the blood (2) virulence factures cause darkening of skin (3)100% death rate if untreated
- What is pneumonic plague?
- (1)bacterium moves from the lungs (2) if not treated w/in about 2 weeks, at the onset of fever, people will die w/in 3 days (3)mortailty rate near 100% (4) is contagious through air droplets
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NAME
bacterium moves from the nodes to the blood and virulence factors cause darkening of skin. also if not treated there is a 100% death rate - septicemic plague
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NAME
bacterium moves to the lungs, if not treated w/in about 2 weeks, at the onset of fever, people will die w/in 3 days. Mortailty rate near 100%. also, is contagious through air droplets - pnsumonic plague
- What microbe causes lyme disease?
- Borella burgdorfero
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NAME
is caused by borella burgddorfero - lyme disease
- What is the vector for lyme disease?
- deer tick
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NAME
the vector is deer tick - lyme disease
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NAME
the greatest threat is in areas where there is high mouse and deer pop such as in NE US during the summer and fall - lyme disease
- WHen is threat for lyme disease the greatest?
- areas where there are high concentrations of mouse and deer such as in the NE US during the summer and fall
- What are the early syptoms of lyme disease?
- (1)bull eyes rash and flu like symptoms (2)nonfatal but often causes a syndrome that mimics the neurmasucalar and rheumatid conditions (3)the heart may be affected as well
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NAME
early symptoms include bull eyes rash and flu like syptoms - lyme disease
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NAME
when found early, it is nonfatal but often causes a syndrome that mimics neuromuscualar and rheumatid conditions and affects may affect the heart as well - lyme disease
- is there a vaccine for lyme disease
- yes
- What is used to treat lyme disease if it is found early?(2)
- (1)tetracycline (2)amoxicillin
- What causes typhis?
- rickettsias
-
NAME
is caused by rickettsias - typhis
- What is rickettsias?
- bacteria that are oligate intracellular parastites that can cause typhis
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NAME
are bacteria that are oligate intracellular parasites that can cause typhis - rickettsias
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NAME
most alternate between a mammalian host and a blood sucking antrhpod - rickettsis
- What is typhus?
- an infection of mostly the epithealia cells of the vascular system resulting in blockage and rupture of small blood vessels cuasing a rash
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NAME
is an infection of mostly the epithealia cells of the vascualar system resulting in blockage and rupture of the small blood vessels causing a rash - typhus
- What is the us strain of typhus?
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Tick-born typhus is also called (1)
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- (1) is also called rocky mountain spotted fever
- Tick-born typhus
- What mircorbe causes rocky Mountain spotted fever?
- rickettsia ricketsii
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NAME
is caused by rickettsia ricketsii - Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
- Where is Rocky Mountain Spotted fever found the most?
- SE US and easter seaboard
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NAME
found mostly in the SE US and eastern seaboard and the vector is dog ticks - Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
- What are the symptoms for Rocky Mountain fever? (3)
- (1)mild to fatal (2)starts w flu, then spotted rash then affects the CNS (3)rash looks like measles execpt that its on the soles and palms
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NAME
symptoms are mild to fatal. It starts out with Flu then spotted rash then affects the CNS - Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
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NAME
rash looks like measeles except that it is on the soles and palms - Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
- How can rocky mountain spotted fever be preveneted (2)
- (1)protective clothing (2)insect repellent w deet
- What causes infectious mononucleosis?
- Epstein Barr virus (HHV -4)
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NAME
is caused by Epstein Barr virus - infectious mononucleosis
- What are the symtpoms of Infectious mononucleosis?
- (1)fever, swollen lympth nodes in the neck and general weakness (2)rare but death associate w rapture of the spleen during vigrious acitivty (3)recovery time is a few weak and immunity is permanent
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NAME
symptoms include fever, swollen lymoth nodes in the neck and general weakness. Rare but in some cases, death is associated w the the rapture of the spleen and surviers have permanent immunity - infectious mononucleosis
- For infectious mononucleosis in develoloping countires, it is usally (1) for childeren before the age of 4
- asyptomatic
- In what group of people is there a high incidence of infectious mononucleosis?
- (1)college students * (2)middle aged adults
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NAME
there is a high indicnce amoung collge students - infectious mononucleosis
- How is infectious mononucleosis transmitted?
- salvia
-
NAME
is transmitted by saliva - infectious mononucleosis
- For infectious mononucleosis, symtoms are associtated w (1)
- B cell proliferation and the immune respoonse
- For infectious mononucleosis, what does mononucleosis refer to?
- the production of lymphocytes w unusaual lobbed nuclei
- Give three examples of some emerging hemorrhagic fevers?
- (1)Ebola (2)Marbug (3)Lassa
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NAME
Ebola, Lassa, and Marbug are also ex(s) of (1) - emerging hemorrhagic fevers
- (1), (2), (3) are probally zoonatic diseases but are assocaited w transmission by contanct with blood from human to human
- (1)Ebola (2)Lassa (3)Marbug
- What is hatavirus pulmonary syndrome?
- is hermorrhagic fever w renal syndrome by which is fatal bc the lungs fill up w fluids
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NAME
is hermorrhagic fever w renal syndrome - hatavirus pulmonary syndrome
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NAME
is fatal bc the lungs fill up w fluids - hantavirus plumanary syndrome
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NAME
is transmitted by inhalation of hantavirus in dried urine from infected rodents - hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
- How is hantavirus pulmonary syndrome transmitted?
- by inhalation of hanatvirus in the dried urine from infected rodents
- What two exs of protozoan disease caused affected the lympathic system and the cardivovascular system?
- (1)toxoplasmosis (2)Plasmodium
- What microbe is toxoplasmoisis caused by?
- Toxoplasma gondii
-
NAME
is caused by toxoplasma gondii - toxoplasmosis
- What is toxoplasma gondii?
- is a obligate parasite that up to 40% of the pop tested + for anittoxoplasma antibodies
- What are the syptoms of toxoplasmosis?
- asyptomatic or symptoms are mild w sore throat, lympth node enlargment and low grade fever
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NAME
asyptomatic or symtoms are mild w sore throat, lymth node enlargement, and low grade fever - toxoplasmosis
-
NAME
causes Malaria - plamsodium
-
NAME
is caused by plasmodium - Malaria
- What causes Malaria?
- plasmodium
- What are the 4 prtozoan species responsbile for Malaria? (4)
- (1)Plasmodium falciparum (2) plasmodium vivaz (3) plasmodium ovale (4)Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivaz , plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, all can cause (1)
- Malaria
- What is the vector for malaria?
- 78 species of the female Anopheles mosquito
-
NAME
vectored by 78 species of female anaphles mosquito - Malaria
- Where are cases of Malaria found? (2)
- resitried to around the equator bc of control of mosquitos in temperate areas(2)Africa
- Where are most cases of Malaria found?
- Africa
- Why is there an increase in the cases of Malaria in the US?
- bc of travel and immigration
- Who are the most frquent victims of malaria?
- chidlern and young adults
-
NAME
the most frequent victims are childern and adults - malaria
-
NAME
most cases are in africa and control of mosqutitoes in temperate areas has resticted it to the equator - Malaria
- What is the life cycle of Malaria (aka Plasmodium species)
- (1)asexual stage-human and sexual stage is mosquito (2)the parasite infects RBC's (3)syptoms (4)treated w quinine
- For malaria, what is the asexual stage?
- humans
- For Malaria, what is the sexual stage?
- mosqutios
- What is used to treat Malaria?
- Quinine
-
NAME
the patient is givenn Quinine. what do they most likely have? - Malaria
-
NAME
Quinine is used to treat the disease - Malaria
- What are the symptoms of Malaria?
- (1)violent fever/chill cycles capable of breaking the bones (2)enlargement of the liver, spleen and anemia
-
NAME
syptoms include violent fever/chill cycles capable of breaking the bones. enlargement of the liver, spleen, and anemia - Malaria
- How can toxoplasmosis be transfere to the babay?
- by th tranfer of trophpziotes across the placenta
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What happens to the fetus if it contracts Toxoplasmosis
in a AIDs or in the 1st or 2nd trimsester? - brain lesions which lead to severe brain damage or vision probelms and (2)fatal disruptions of the heart amd lungs
- If the fetus gets (1) during the (2) or has (3), the fetus will have severe brain damage or vision problems. In additon to fatal disruptions of the heart and lungs
- (1)Toxoplasmosis (2) 1st or 2nd ttrimsester (3)AIDS
- How does does one get Toxoplasmosis? (2)
- (1)raw or uncooked meat such as raw pork or raw lamb (2)200 species of birds and mammals esp cats
- What is the main reservoir for toxoplasmosis?
- the feline family
-
NAME
the main reservoir is the feline family but can aslo get from uncooked or raw meat, 200 species of birds and mammals - toxoplasmosis
- How do humans contract toxplammosis from cats? (3)
- (1)contact w oocysts on the cat (2)inhaling contamointed air and dust (3)direct contact w cat feces
- How do carnviores get infected w toxoplamsmois (passing it on to humans)?
- when they eat /graze in moist soil in which oocysts survive
- Give a ex of some ethinic dishes that can cause Toxoplasmosis? (2)
- (1)German heckpeter (raw pork) (2)kibbe (Middle eastern dish of raw lamb)
- cooking or freeezing meat at 20 C will usally kill the bacteria that causes (1)
- toxoplasmosis
- How can one prevent toxoplasmosis?
- by cooking and/or freezing meat
- What is sepis?
- bacteria growing in the blood
-
NAME
bacteria growing in the blood - Sepis
- What does endocarditis mean?
- inflammation of the endocardium