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Western Civ Classics

Everything through 10/24/2008 (Midterm 1)

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
Torah outlines
code of behavior under notion that they have special relationship with God
Greece
not contested area, arid, rocky, many mountains, communicate by sea
Deed of Grant
something given EX: land of canaan given to Jews
Golden Race
talked about by Hesiod, when Gods and man lived together, followed by silver and bronze races
Hybris
arrogant violence; attitude leads to breaking rules and getting on wrong side of Gods
Prelapsarian
before origonal sin
Jews violently reacted against
more wealthy an dprosperous cultures
Eros
one of first personalities of God created because universe is sexually generated
Example of Phthonos
Adam and Eve expelled from garden so can't become God like
Mysogyny
dislike of women (in hesiod's works and Greece)
Akkadian
language of trade law, different dialects
Homers view of past is deeply ironic because
he knows this is the last generation before the collapse and suspects it is from bad values
Topos
Standard formula, ex: "you are best God among rest"
Babylon
excess
Achilles is
brilliant, provacative, easily enraged
Timocracy
power based on prestige and clout, Greece was
The 'Rape' of helen
Paris goes to sparta on a trade mission, fall sin love with Helen an dtakes her back to Troy
Mythos
wannabe fact thats repeated over and over, has symbolic value
900 BC
dark age ending, time of reinvention
First world in greek Illiad
Wrath because that is most interesting and what its about
Hesiod's real name
Louie, switched because it was better for stage
Tablet 1
G hubris, creation of Enkidu to stabalize G's hubris
what did Hesiod realize
Greece has no protreptic scripture and sets out to write it
God came to Abraham
told him an dwife Sara to move to Canaan
Arrival of Indo Europeans
agressive warriors, brought God Zeus, Sky God, sexually aggressive, patriarchal
Primus Inter Pores
First among equals
herioc Legends
Projective and Symbolic System
Illiad is not triumphalist
its a glilttering world of a people who will end in shreds
read at Babylonian new year
Enuma Elish
Renascene
rebirth of anything
parts of creation story
similes, flood, invention of beer and wines, currency
Hesiods Works and Days
Proem, theogany, cosmogany, sexual theme, theomachy
The Apple of Discord
Paris must chose which Goddess- Athena, Hera, Aphrodite gets apple. Give to aphrodite because she offers sexual irresistability
theological Formations
form over time, usually Gods have relationships, develope a power ranking expressed by first among equals
where did urbanization begin
Lower Mesopotamia in small villages
Classical peiod
490-323 goes til death of alexander the great. Time of great writings
Torah tells story of
how group came into being, relations with diety, Covenant
Incipit
initial rule of how it must start
henotheism
belief that your God can "beat up" all other Gods...Christianity has these tendancies
History of races
given by Hesiod through Iron Age
don't murder
excludes genocide Ex: deuteronomy
Constitutive Story
constitutes an identity, can be used about a text, mythos, creature
Enkidu is
androgenous, both sexes, long hair
Epos
type of poem, usually an epic, tells story of hero in past, larger than life
Polythetic
variety of features which constitute civilization
Argonautica
story of jason's collection of men to get the Golden Fleece. generation before Illiad
concentration of social behaviors
defines Illiad, people have an economy of prestige not monetary wealth
Supplication
most frequently used motif, either accepted or rejected
Torah is compromise text
compilation, many things left unclear, has motive
Hesiod tells
dismall myths, nature based, Gods not all powerful, economic rather than theocratic
Tablet 2
G/E wrestle, kill monsters, Humbaba, Cedar forest
no adultery
but ok to have sex with slave girl, in war can rape women of other group
Noachic Covenant
God makes rainbow as sign that no more floods will happen, preservation for people
Yamm
various names given to rival that God defeats
Illiads themes
wrath and Achillead
Dark Age
time after collapse, no story telling survived
Title enuma elish
from first two words in story
Liminal
threshold female figures (Shamhat and Siduri)
Time'
prestige
Iron Age
little trade, cities don't exist, dark ages,
hesiod adapts
old stories and songs, puts them in his book
In enuma elish
Gods make decision in an assembly
Hebrews sacred history is
an attempt to set themselves apart
Iraq
Babylon and Assyria
Philistines
Canaan sub group, successful tribe, one of the hebrew adversaries
Symbolic Seductions
sex initition, bread, clothes, beer=entrance to civilization
Direct Advocacy
important in religion, someone who bridges gap between God and man
WD
fundamentally pagan, system not just 1 God with power
Polytheistic featture
each of three periods of urbanization seperated by periods of collapse
Death of Hector
Achilles slays hector. Followed by sack of troy
succession myth in WD
backbone of theophany
Jews were seperatist group
trying to create identity which was hard
Myth of Pandora
told by Hesiod, she is created as a balancing evil since Promethius gave man fire
1200
collapse of bronze age
Archaic Greece
776-490 beginnning of historic age, starts with Homer's writings ends with defeat of persians
Theomachy
battle among Gods
In monotheistic
Head God is not subject to nature
System Collapse caused by
rupture in communication, cities, education falling back
Armature
frameowrk on which story is built
Illiad is poem of misbehavior
but there is also some good behavior
Gilgamesh is
2/3 divine, 1/3 man, man of joy and woe-bipolar
Decalogue
10 commandments
Tablet 3
E will accompany G-he is mentor and compliments where G may be lacking
32 BCE
Mesopotamia took off
Language
learning proper language, not just vernacular
Antediluvian
before the water shed event (flood)
Religion is
historic compilation
Theophany
appearance of God to a person, when prophet is annointed
Torah
creation of a code of laws and a master narrative
Proem
preface, elaborate scene
Tablet 4/5
kills monster
Western Civ
Cyprus, sopper place
History makes truth claims whereas
mythos are just words
Double Causation
events can be looked at from 2 points of view, often human and divine
Polis
small powers that don't extend too far
Crete
Minoan, zeus turned into bull, kidnapped Europa and took her to crete
hero is
one of extreme emotion
10 commandments are
stipulations of that Mosaic Code
Entropic
Iron age because generations decline not progress
Arete
superlative excellence in a specific field
Genesis is very silent about Yamms
but later on it comes out a bit because it is such a great praising story
Initiation
hero starts from home and must go on adventure, has companion who is usually darker and linked to nature
Levant
lands adjacent to eastern med, contested ground because fertile
Illiad is
composite story, foundational text, not protreptic
Logos
systematic account which ceases upon reason as its justification, truth claim
Provision
where kept and when read
Canaan
area in levant, area of Jews
begin narrative with
break up of large powers into tribal powers each trying to control others
Holy Scriptures
raise more questions than they answer
Story of babel
Phthonos, can't have people getting into heaven
Hebrew creation tries
to put start at beginning of time which is a deliberate contrast from others
Antropic
tending to decay
Enuma Elish
written in Acadian dialect, top God is Margo. first word is when
Troy is located
along Dardanelles (strait) but people are hellenized so trojan war is almost an internal struggle
Phthonos
envy, built into relationship between God and man
Jewish community is distinguished by
sectarian violence
Mother and Father of Achilles
Thetis (sea nymph) and Peleus (mortal)
Pelasgians
aboriginal inhabitants of Greece, did copper catsings
Isrealites don't talk of personal immortality
instead survival of the group, part of identity
Etiological Story
tells origin of something
helladic
bronze age greece
Prophet
person who speaks forth, gives framework to understand humanity and master narrative
Kudos
its what makes you proud, makes you swell, get it from arate
Torah tells
what to do with clear implications for actions
Polemic
divergent account, Ex bible against other religious myths
theomachy
Gods start querrelling among selves
pluralism
all kinds of people come from all over
Boon
prize that must be stolena dn bestowed on mankind
Canaan is
pluralist and syncretist
memory of a flood
is elevated to metaphysical heights and is thought to be punishment for sins
Torah is less consistent because
compilation and compromise
creation epic is
an initiation of human story entering cosmos
Boon in Gilgamesh epic
underwater plant, stolen by serpent, G returns empty handed but is still hero
Sexual Theme in Pagan Creation
each God has gender, head God usually male but matriarch can be powerful too
Ethos
destiny, you are destined to do things your character would do
2000-1200
states in competition, bible and Homer
Late helladic (LH)
1600-1200 ends with system collapse. Era with Trojan War
Preamble
names leader, tells good things leader has already done
Illiad is constituitive
its definitive for the group he was writing to
First book of Iliad
see notes from class
Syncretism
adopt customs of people around them
Blessings and Curses
people give oath that they will follow...or else
Illiad is set
during late bronze age right before systems collapse
Tablet 8
Dark Journey-G goes to see Udnapishin (noah) then underworld where wis eperson can advise
Hellenic
generic greece
Postlapsarian
after human sin
Isaac
means "he laughed" because Sara laughed at telling that she would have kid
Revolt in Israel
babylon king took hostages and uprooted them to babylon, tragic period in Jew history
Stipulations
general allegiance and specific things people must do
Jewish religions is
pluralist, syncretistic, hard to maintain seperation
Fertal Crescent
Sumer through Syria to Levant
Middle Helladic (MH)
2100- 1600 period of stagnation, first europeans arrived, aggressive warriors, time of great change and little progress
Protreptic
telling someone how to behave; Torah is very
De Facto Amnesty
a forgetting of things good or bad; allows new focuses
No stealing
but jews can steal from egyptians on way out
3800-2800 BC
Shuts down flow of goods, money, eliminates jobs, causes migration
1200 B.C.
System collapse...decresed population
Phonecian Gods
sky God, El, Ba'al
Foundational Text
contains in narrative form things about greeks
Stories told in past because
seeing our own sircumstances put on a past culture is enjoyable
In Medias res
in the middle of things, Illiad is from middle of Trojan Cycle
Illiad is different from scripture because
It is not protreptic, we ahve to do all the thinking
Doctrine at Torah's heart
God has promised all Canaan to one group
Repetition
standard dynamic of composition
hellenistic
Greek civilization became culture of Med. after Alex the Great
Constant
fundamental distrust in authority
Hesiod's works
attempt to combine Farmers almanac and advice to brother Perseus (a lecture)
Sectarian Violence
more of a monotheistic pathology because less compromise and less syncrenization
Olympic Games
Panhellenic games, in honor of Zeus, religious games, earliest shared identity, alternative to war
Sumerian
use of writing gave rise to literary traditions
Homeric neutrality viewpoint
Overall he doesn't favor greeks over trojans or one charcter over another
Tablet 8 cont
Siduri says G should go to family, crosses river, must stay awake, fails
Mosaic Code
different format from Abraham covenants, based on legal format
Paleolithic
Had great art but incomparable culture
3 interpretations of commanments
Ritual, Communal, Universal
2800-2000 BC
spread of cuniform (language is Sumerian)
After bronze age
comes iron age
cultural limitation
greeks won't accept blame for anything
Hesiod writes about
Eris-strife, 2 kinds 1. Bad is smash and grab: wealthy by means of conquest 2. driven by envy is good makes people work
Patronymic
son of someone
Hellenistic Period
323-32 greece is province of Rome, conside selves Romans, turning point in greek identity
Mythos
probably more polemic at first and becomes accepted over time
Babylonian main Gods
Anu, Ea, Marduk...each has a child who overthrows them
Bible is all about identity
built on necessity for identity
Illiad is interogative poem
you have to come up with answers an dmake decisions
A dissenting narrative
so omits certain things such as battle in heaven
Pagan creation has succession myths
one God overthrows another, Gods are a political group
In Pagan
head God lives with in boundaries of nature, must maintain power through theomachy
Quarrels
while at sea, shows competitive spirit of greeks
Tablet 6
Ishtar tried to seduce G, he rejects her, she is furious and sends Bull of heaven
Paradigm
example
Tablet 7
Gods decide one must die...E dies (sacrifice)
Paris is sometimes called
Aleksandrov
Mythology
stories of how things came into being
His is a realist writer so
he writes about humans but involves Gods, doesn't deal with supernatural
Hesiod is a
singer song writer, rose in shadow of Homer
Advantages of System Collapse
1. De facto amnesty 2. theocratic 3. Greece is mutant culture 4. invented dif. institutions 5. Polis created
Achillead
story of life and death of Achilles
in theophany you get
a sign example a Rod or staph
Witnesses
Gods of suzeraign and entities of nature
Law Codes
created as civilization is created
Stories are_ in monotheism
nonnegotiable whereas Pagan myths can be changed and new ones formed
Shibboleth
password that you need to pronounce correctly
Composites
great epics include material from several phases/episodes
Babylon
largest city in world, most successful economy til then
After when comes
naming of the people
Riverine
flooding of Nile or area between Tigris and Euphrates
Mythos
"to say utter" encodes something we need to know even though we don't believe the entire story
Usual prophet is
ordinary person, must be ordained
Sodom and Gomorrah
God was going to destroy but Abraham could find only one righteous man, Lot and saved him from the destruction
Hittite Gods
Anu, Kumarbi, storm God
Creation Narratives
start with "when" and have incipit
Nostoi
stories of surviving greek warlords getting home
Illiad differs from bible
bible cares very little about motives whereas illiad is obsessed with them, with ethos(character)
Sexual Theme
must come into story
Greek Main Gods
Ouranos, Kronos, Zeus
Hittite Suzerainty Treaty
treaty with overlord for protection
Neolithic Revolution leads to
a revolution in 3500 BC
Hesiod wrote in
700 BCE
Story of Adam and Eve
one of stories that seperates God and human
Aristos
the best, a product of arete
Format of Treaty
preamble, Stipulations, provisions, Witnesses, Blessings and Curses
Syncretistic
like many other groups
Diaspora
a scattering...Hebrews scattered from time to time, makes sacred histroy more important
Illiad is essentially secular
the Gods are secondary and symbolic, comic because they can't die
Pluralist
couldn't tell by race
Decalogue Rules
inside tribe but doesn't spply outside
Assembly at Aulis
war lords meet, Agamemnon is leader and kills sacred deer of Artemis, winds won't change and they can't leave to fight war, a. sacrifices daughter
Theocratic
makes claim to divine rights is discontinued, Greece becomes secular, people didn't appeal to Gods
Main settling of wealth in Anatolia
along shore but also in important cities
3 cultural elements by end of bronze age
1. Pelagians 2. Indo Europeans 3. Mycenean, Athens, Attica, Sparta, all influenced by Minoans
Neolithic
developed fixed communities, crops grew from irrigation, less hunter/gatherer dependance
Trojan Cycle
collection of stories
Protreptic Scriptures
wisdom stories
tetragrammation
the four letters JHWH that unpacked make Yahweh
Monolatry
same as henotheism
factors that help lead to mutant culture
1. temperal distance 2. geographic distance
Postdeluvian
after flood event
Shamhat
temple prostitute civilizes Enkidu
Logos
its truth claims are structured logically
Illiad is not a master narrative
he is ort of trying to create a new kind of master narrative that makes a statement about how people behave
Parabolic plot
returns to beginning
Bible is
reformed babylonian creation myth BUT takes place at beginning of time. Polemic
Babylonian Law code
has sense of proportion...an eye for an eye
Monetary Systems
Projective and Symbolic Systems
when story starts with when
implies that there was something before; nature existed
12 tribes of israel
often only united in names but had interest creating strong nation
humans are not center of universe
they exist incidental to Gods; humans die but Gods don't
Hegemonic
civilization everyone follows implicitly though sometimes rebeliously
Early Helladic (EH)
3000-2100 agriculture increased, sustain larger population, expansion, pelasgians, use of metal
world of genesis is serious
world of greek gods is comical
Oral Formulation Discourse
doesn't distinguish between one word and a phrase
Projective and Symbolic Systems
things that happen as civilization becomes
cosmogony
descendance of divinity, developement of personalities of Gods
Mycenean Greece
end of bronze age
Koine
common system,any commonality of beliefs

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