Science 6 Chapter 1
Terms
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- photosynthesis
- the chemical process whereby plants produce food inside their leaves
- chlorophyll
- the pigment or coloring that gives plants their green color
- glucose
- the food plants need to live
- What are the three main structural parts of a leaf?
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1. stem
2. vein
3. midrib - modified leaf
- a kind of leaf that has a special design for a special function
- What are the two systems of a plant?
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1. shoot system
2. root system - taproot
- the one main root that a plant sends particularly deep
- root cap
- the layer of tough protective cells that protects the delicate root tip as the root pushes into the hard ground
- root hairs
- the tiny projections near the end of a root that help it absorb water and minerals
- cellulose
- the tough, fibrous material that forms a strong cell wall around each plant cell
- fertilization
- the process whereby a sperm cell from a pollen grain unites with an egg cell stored inside an ovule
- fruit
- anything that forms from the ovary of a flower
- What are the three parts of a seed?
-
1. embryo
2. cotyledon
3. seed coat - Botanist
- a scientist who studies plants
- tree
- a tall plant with a single woody stem
- annual
- a plant that lives for only one year
- biennial
- a plant that lives for two years
- perenniel
- a plant that lives for many years
- What are the oldest living trees in the world?
- Bristlecone pines
- What are the tallest living trees in the world?
- California redwoods
- dendrologists
- Scientists who study plants
- bud
- a structure at the tip of a stem that produces new growth
- cambium layer
- the layer of the tree's trunk where new growth of bark and wood takes place
- annual growth rings
- an inner band of light wood and an outer band of dark wood that tell the age of the tree
- broadleaf trees
- tree group that has flower-bearing and seed-producing plants
- deciduous trees
- broadleaf trees that grow in temperate climates and lose their leaves in the fall
- sugaring
- the process of producing maple syrup and sugar
- conifers
- tree family that bears cones
- evergreen
- a tree that keeps it leaves all year round
- General Sherman Tree
- the name of the largest living sequoia tree
- fern
- a kind of plant that does not bear seeds, but does have roots and leaves
- rhizoids
- the roots of a fern
- moss
- a type of plant that does not have roots or true leaves, but grows from a slender thread of connected cells
- algae
- the group of the world's smallest green plants
- fungi
- a plant family that does not contain chlorophyll
- parasite
- an organism that attaches itself to another organism for nourishment
- fruiting body
- the large spore-forming structure of a mushroom
- lichen
- a plant that is actuall a combination of fungi and algae
- spore
- a single cell produced instead of a seed by ferns and some other plants
- frond
- the leaf of a fern, which grows upward from the upper side of the stem
- tropism
- the growth of a plant in response to a condition in its environment, such as gravity, water, light, or touch
- pollination
- the transfer of pollen from the stamen of a flower to the pistil
- bracts
- colorful leaves used to attract insects to the flower that may take the place of petals
- stomata
- tiny holes or pores in a leaf, they act as little mouths
- cuticle
- the waxy covering that coats the skin of a leaf and prevents water from escaping
- guard cells
- a pair of cells that surround the stoma on a leaf
- chloroplasts
- tiny packages of chlorophyll within a plant cell
- embryo
- a miniature, undeveloped plant located within a seed
- shoot system
- the part of a plant that is visible above the ground
- root system
- the part of a plant that is below the ground
- saprophyte
- a fungus or other creature that feeds on dead matter
- kelp
- the largest type of alga
- mycelium
- the main part of a fungus, a network of cells strung together in a fungus
- hyphae
- the tiny, white hairlike structures in which bread mold is first seen
- mildew
- a fungus that often grows on wet clothes, shower stalls, and plants
- girdling
- a procedure in which a ring of bark is removed from a tree's trunk, killing the tree
- oak
- the tree whose fruit is the acorn