Europe
Terms
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- bog
- low swampy land
- Johannes Guttenburg
- invented the printing press in 1450, called the "father of printing" in the Western world, created a larger access to books which encouraged more people to read and write
- refugee
- a person who flees to another country to avoid persecution or disaster
- Puritans
- Enlish follwers of John Calvin who sought refuge in the Americas
- Columbian Exchange
- the process of the distribution of people, diseases and ideas around the world which began as the Dutch, English and French joined the Spanish and the Portuguese in exploring, settling and trading in the Americas
- Industrial Revolution
- began in Great Britain in the 1700's, it was a time when people used machinery and new methods to increase productivity
- Indulgences
- the practice of selling documents to free the owner from the punishment of sin. (WRONG)
- Alliance
- political agreement between countries to support each other in disputes with other countries
- Neil Armstrong
- is from the United States and became the first person to walk on the moon
- Satellite Nations
- countries surrounding the Soviet Union that were depents on the Soviet Unions stronger poer. These countires included Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovachia, Hungary, and Poland
- Marshall Plan
- a loan program started by the United States to help rebuild Eurpoe after WWII and to try to stop the spread of communism.
- Constantine I
- Christianity became the official religeon of the Roman Empire under this emperor in the AD 300's.
- England did what to turn Ireland into Protestants
- made Ireland a colony and sent over British families
- Divine Right of Kings
- Kings ruled by the will of God
- John Calvin
- Early protestant leader of the Heugenots in France and the Puritans in England. The Purtians later sought refuge in the Americas
- First Democratic Constitution
- Athens, Greece was the home of the first Democtratic Constitution. All males ove ther age of 20 had the right to vote and speak freely
- blockade
- to close off all water, air and land traffic
- glasnost
- Reforms introduced to the Soviet Union in 1985 by Mikhail Gorbachev to try to get the Soviet economy moving again
- Michelangelo Buonarotti
- a famous painter and sculpter during the reniassance that expressed human emotions such as anger , sorrow, and strength in his paintings and sculptures. His most famous work is a mural on the ceiling of the Cistine Chapel in the vativan Palace in Rome. It cover 6000 sq. ft. and is made up of 145 seperate paintings
- Imperialism
- a system of building foriegn empires for military and trade advantages
- neutrality
- refusing to take sides in disagreements and wars between countries
- Queen Elizabeth I
- Queen of England during the Reniassance that used her power to uniter England creating a nation based on a common language and culture
- Classical Europe
- The Eurpoe of Acient Greece and Rome. These civilizations flourished from about 800 BC to AD 400
- perestroika
- a policy of restructuring instituted by Gorbachev in order to lossen government controls and move the Soviet economy toward Capitalism
- Martin Luther
- One of the first Priest to Challenge the Catholic Church. He nailled his 86 Thesis to the door of the church in protest. The Pope kicked him out of the church in 1520. He stated his own church where the service was given in German instead of Latin
- NATO
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed to respond to possible attacks by the Soviet Union. Each member country agreed to treat an attack on any other member as an attack on itself.
- 4 Regions of the United Kingdom
- England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland
- Truman Doctrine
- named after U.S. President Harry Truman, the United States offered military aid to countries such as Greece and Turkey that were engaged in fighting communisim within their boarders
- peat
- wet ground with decaying plants which can be dried and used as fuel
- Constitutional Monarchy
- a country in which a King or Queen is the official head of state. The monarch represents the country at public event but has little power
- Germany Split
- at the end of WWI, Germany and its capital city of Berlin was occupied by the United States, Great Britan, France and the Soviet Union. In 1948 the USA, GB, France decided to unite their occupation zones to promote peace and recovery. The Soviet Union was against anu plan that would strengthen Germany so they blockaded Berlin. The other countires began an airlift to carry supplies to Berlin by airplane. The blockade lasted for 11 months That same year , 2 seperate governments were set up. a democratic one for West Germany (with Bonn ad its new goverment capital and a comunist one for East Germany with East Berlin in the Soviet zone as its new capital. West Berlin remianed a Democratic stronghold surrounded by communisim
- Emperors
- the absolute ruler of an empire
- "The Troubles"
- fighting between the Nationalist (catholics from Ireland) and the Loyalist (protestants from Northern Ireland)
- Communism
- economic, social, and political system based on the teachings of Karl Marx, which advocated the elimination of private property.
- First Industry to Industrialize
- Textiles (woven clothes)
- Britains first colony
- Ireland
- Cold War
- the global competition between the democratic United States , its allies and the Soviet Union and it supporters. It began in Europe in 1948
- Constitution
- a formal agreement that establishes the basis for a countries laws
- Genocide
- a mass murder of a people because of race, religion, ethnicity, politics, or culture
- Protestants
- protested many of the teachings and practiced of the Catholic Church
- Rome
- was settled sometime around 1000 BC and evolved into a major city-state by about 700 BC. It started as a monarchy but changed to a Republic
- Productivity
- measurement of the amount of work accomplished in a given time
- Deterrence
- the maintenance of miltary power for the purpose of discouraging an attack.
- Karl Marx
- a German philosopher who believed that industrialization had created two classes of people. those who owned the means of producing goods and those who worked to produce those goods. He wrote that htis system was unfair and needed to be overthrown. Communism was based on this teaching
- The Northern Ireland Conflict and Split
- The southern mostly Catholic counties of Ireland won Independance form Britain in 1921 and later became a Replublic
- The Holocaust
- began by Adolf Hitler during WWII over 12 million people were killed. 6 million were Jews. Other persecuted groups included Romany (Gypsys), Serbians, individuals with disabilities, , and many other groups classified as undesirable by the Nazi leaders
- Parliament
- the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and other countires
- democracy
- form of govenrment in which the citezens choose the nations leaders by voting for them
- Treaty of Versailles
- Ended WWI and Germany was given the War Guilt
- mosques
- a place of worship for the followers of Islam
- 3 Regions on the Island of Great Britian
- England, Wales, and Scotland
- US president to serve more terms than any other US president
- Franklin Delanore Roosevelt (FDR)
- Countries formed after WWI w/ the redu=istribution of Austria-Hungary
- Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland
- John Locke
- studied the nature of man and government, he believed that government should serve mankind and protect their freedoms
- The Renaissance
- began in 1350 AD and ended in 1815 with the French Revolution