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Art History 126g Unit 3

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Babur
1526-30 Mughal Court India, many failures trying to expand, then turned South into Dehli, Agra
Humayun
1530-43, 1555-56 Mughal Court India, son of Babur, difficult to hold onto Indian subcontinent, sultanates drive him out then he returns briefly
Akbar
Highly successful Mughal court regent who began rule as a teenager, religiously open, illiterate, patron of books and architecture, needed an heir for stability, military reform for strength, dealing with Hindu majority, ruled 1556-1605
Jahangir
Son of Akbar 1605-28, Mughal Court, India
Shah Jahan
Son of Jahangir, Mughal Court India, 1628-58
Fatehpur Sikri
"Fortress of Victory" 1570, built on a high ridge, lake nearby, built of red sandstone, an assertion of power/expansion, trade routes
Jami Masjid 1570
Great Mosque, one of the first open mosques of its type, center for religious worship and politics (Mughal minority must demonstrate devotion to Islam while working with Hindu majority), chattris (Indian design), conspicuously elaborate, contains tomb of Shaikh Salim Chishti
Buland Darwaza 1570
Triumphal Gate to the south of Jami Masjid Great Mosque, celebrate military victory, large Arab-style arch with a row of small chattris on top (Indian style)
Tomb of Shaik Salim Chishti 1572
Inside the great mosque, for the shaikh that predicted birth of Akbar's heir, white marble contrast, smaller, full dome, inlaid geometric work along base/screens to provide natural light and cooling, marble rich and tricky stone, ornamental S brackets
Panch Mahal
"Five Story Palace" function unknown, devotion to sun? women's quarters? used to have partitions/enclosures, post and beam construction (main technique used in Fatehpur Sikri--stable but limited open space vs dome), detailed columns with carved patterns, residential?
Diwan-I Amm
Imperial pavillian, for audiences, water feature with lines, enclosed courtyard with corridors all around, open plaza, opposite of typical garden structure with central island and bridges
Diwan-I Khass
Private audience hall, central column and walkways from four norners, dense, elaborate bracketing on column and intercolumnar, use? audience/studies/debates for curious Akbar? cosmic column connecting universe/heaven and hell/imperial authority/
Baburnama 1589
chronicle of paintings, Akbar commissioned to honor grandfather, historical/miltary events, tending of a fine garden = tending of the state metaphor
Akbar nama 1590
100s of paintings, Akbar overseeing construction of Fatehpur Sikri (a farce), birth of prince Salim and celebration, very verticle, viewed straight on/flat, seige of fort looking bad and fiery, court scene of compassionate Akbar paternal, emperor rides elephant Skyrocked 19yrs old fearless, hunting scene with cheetahs, perspective off, larger scale of Akbar important, vibrant color, slightly more colorful and 3D/indian than Persian art
A European 1590
red pantaloon European guy, religious tolerance of Akbar, ordered translations and paintings of religious texts, European landscape? artist has never been there, just guesses
Tutti nama 1560
Akbar commissioned, fantasy about a smart parrot can recite the Koran, story of the foxes lesson: don't mess with those not your own kind, donkey story dresses like a tiger, morals
Portrait of Jahangir's Dream 1618 by Abu'l Hasan
Jahangir son of Akbar embraces ruler of Persia, both standing on globe upon a sheep and a lion. At a time when Persia is a rival--a dream of peace on Jahangir's terms
Jahangir Entrhoned on an Hourglass 1625 by Bichitr
"Putti" cherubs influence of Europeans, sand running/emperor's mortality, giving book to religious leader while ignoring leaders of state/foreign lands, only the spiritual is forever
Peafowl 1610 Ustad Mansur
peacock and peahen Mughal court style painting, scientific/audubon-esque
Zebra 1621 Ustad Mansur
observation of animals and flowers/catalogue popular during Jahangir court--painting is spiritual/capture the essence of god's creation
Siege of Qandahar 1633 from Padshah nama
commissioned under rule of Shah Jahan, Mughals ultiplately lose the siege, must withdraw, corpses, skeletons on the mountain--long campaign
Scenes from Bhagavata Purana 1575 from Rajasthan
King in negotiations, also blue Krishna stealing clothes of the gopi milkmaids--zones or "registers" set off by color/patterns, use of color arbitrary for sake of it, for contrast
Radha and Krishna, Basohli school, 1670
Radha waiting in a palace, Krishna outside yearning--all about deep love, archetypal love, carnal and emotional, theme of separation, disagreement, reconciliation, reunited
Kakubha Ragini 1680 Punjab painting
Young woman separated from lover holding two flowers surrounded by pairs of animals in a forest, yearning. Flat style, zones of color. Musical modes for love/emotions, very small/intimate
Madhu Madhavi Ragini 1650 from Rajasthan
Romantic emotions and musical modes. Heroines. the cry of a peacock reminds her of her lover during an approaching storm.
Krishna Awaiting Radha, Punjab hills, 1740
Blue Krishna sits on a couch in a marble room attended by women but looks off into distance for Radha--not proper 3D
Scene from Ramayana: Visit of Ravana to Shita, Punjab hills 1720
Golden yellow castle of Ravana, guy with many heads and arms, kidnaps Rama's lover Shita, one picture serveral stages of story, demons and Ravana threatening Shita
Kali Attacking Nisumbha, Punjab hills, 1740
Kali rides on tiger, thin dark female, fierce, skeletons around neck, killing green demon, folk tale
Umed Sing of Kotah on Tiger Hunt, from Kotah/Rajasthan, 1780
Magical strange mountains chunky, dense forest shows the danger, night colors, Kotah court allied with Mughals so similar past times ie hunting?
Eka Showing his Severed Arm to Daruma, 1500, Sesshu Toyo
Ink and color on paper, Zen Buddhism myth from India to China, Eka tries to get Daruma's attention. Although portrays physical appearance of Daruma and Eka, they may not exist so is not a portrait according to Brilliant (must have existed/lived, must be intended as a portrait)
Portrait of Enni Ben'en 1431 by Mincho
a portrait, "conventionalized" very specific rules/style/function, abbot painter and subject Zen Buddhism to claim descendence from Buddha--legitimacy, representational
Ikkyu Sojun 1480 by Bokusai
Buddhist abbott of Dai-toku-ji, great man rebuilt the temple after Onin wars, poet, not typical abbott portrait, a sketch/factual representation of his emotions, wisdom, old age, wariness? sadness? compare with formal portrait of Enni Ben'en which does not show as much emotion
Otani Oniji II playing part of Edohei, woodblock print by Sharaku 1794
portrait of actor portraying character in Kabuki, a villain/servant/thief, charicature according to Brilliant, exaggeration of prominent features ie nose, recognizable, family crest of actor on shoulder ID, Kabuki conventions of exaggeration and makeup, emblems, portrait tells us occupation--double portrait of actor and character?
Zhao Mengfu "Sheep and Goat" 1300
antiquity worthy, symbolic of 2 generals one loyal punished to become sheepherder proud fat sheep weak? one gave in and collaborated with enemy humiliated goat or smart/active? subject reflects Zhao Mengfu painting himself and general? political climate demands safety of allegorical image? can't be sure it was intended as portrait, Brilliant says not a portrait
"Poet on Mountaintop" by Shen Chou 1500
poem and poet, memories of distant friend
"Self Portrait by Ren Xiong" 1850 by Ren Xiong
full on view staring/confronting, poem of failure, failure of society to face problems, style/way he paints shows something of his character, naturalistic body suggests pro Northern school versus abstract clothes southern--tension, pro paitner with self consciousness
"Akbar in Old Age" 1600 from Akbar nama
near death, represents emperor's appearance, characteristic activity of court life but much less active than in youth/elephants
"The Dying Inayat Khan" 1618
member of Mughal court, addicted to opium, died, Jahangir commissioned, weird--loved scientific portraits, wanted to catalogue death also
"Self Portrait with Red Eyes" Yorozu Tetsugoro Oil on Canvas, 1912
European influenced Matisse's Red studio--self-portrait in red and colorful chunks reminiscent of cubism, distortion, broken, psychological problems?
"Portrait: Twin" Morimura Yasumasa 1988
photography/painting, representing himself as the iconic Manet's Olympia--fan of Euro work or parody/criticism? struggle to find identity how can you create great works when faced with Manet?--differences, some motifs of Japan ie Maneki neko, Japanese wedding robe, transgender association challenging gender markers?
"Jodie Foster II" Morimura Yasumasa 1996
prostitute from Taxi Driver movie, setting not in NY but entertainment/whore district in Japan packets of kleenex on ground have whore advertisements, who is Morimura? chamaeleon? parody/pastiche, identifies with self--set in hometown?
"Bhadur Shah II" 1838 anonymous
Mughals lost power when British invaded, he is the last Mughal ruler, pupper of the Raj (British), but in The Mutiny agrees to be named leader of it, imprisoned, techniques are similar to Rajput paintings, opaque colorful patterns--use of shadows suggests European influences? he sits and smokes
Henry Pittman's Album 1850 "Cotton Cleaning" and "Pile Carpet Loom at Hunsur" commissioned
common Indians cleaning cotton and weaving a carpet, interest to exploit the natives
House and Garden Calcutta 1845 Shaykh Muhammad Amir
owned by wealthy merchant luxury despite disease, climate, snakes, Indian painter following European conventions
"Pony Riding" 1845 Shaykh Muhammad Amir
A little girl in a bonnet riding a horse surrounded by Indian servants. Painted in European style with fading horizon/3D. Girl looking away sheltered and enclosed. Luxury detachment signals downfall?
"David Ochterlony Watching Nautch" 1820 anonymous
White guy enjoying Indian dancing and smoking declines, is painted slightly larger, European paintings in the background. relationship with Indian elite=friend? advocating negotiations, style of Mughal court painting, he's wearing native attire, flat style, respect for Indian ways
"Tiger Hunt" 1892 Anonymous
Two Brits with at tendants on the hunt of tigers, ie, Brits taking the place of Mughals by adopting leisure activities
"Raja from Patiala" 1875 anon
Photograph and opaque watercolor--a composite where the head and hands is photo and the rest is painting--popular Indian style, adopting Euro technology
"Patron and Deity" 1900 anon
patron and religious leader, photo and painting composite, adopting Euro tech
"Young Merchant" 1912 Sareji Lall
Photograph and watercolor composite, young boy with painted hat and potted plants, obviously painted
"Bharut Mata" ie "Mother India" watercolor 1905 by Abanindranath Tangore
pan-asian Nationalism, to liberate Asia from colonial powers, Indian nationalism--the ingredients and essentials in each of her arms rice (agriculture), rosary (religion), cotton (industry), paper (education), creating an independetn India, creating a deity
"Fruit Vendors" 1937 Amrita Sher-Gil oil on canvas
Two kids and their mother dark skin against bright colors, post-impressionist style, selling fruit, sad looks exoticism? European trained
"Nawab Tale Mohamed Khan of Palanpur," ""Study Corner," "Sadhana" film actress, "Palanpur House," "Gandhiji" at Round table conference by A. L. Syed 1960
by a pro photographer--photos include--portrait reminiscent of European paintings, children in the street studying exoticism cuteness? publicity photo for actress on swing, camel being led up a hill, photo of Gandhi wearing homespun cotton in defiance bridging gap between elite and lower class at london
"Uprooted Order I" and "Uprooted Order II" 1997, Shahzia Sikander, vegetable color and watercolor and tea etc
native techniques and images combined with weirdness, Indian miniature tradition ie Krishna but use of European griffon and abstract geometric patterns/circles, upside down head, no traditional narrative reflects her worldwide training
Meiji Restoration 1868
Overthrow of the Shogun in favor of "direct" rule by the Emperor and his advisors ie The Last Samurai...reform, constitutional government, encouraging trade, education, modernization
Commodore Matthew C. Perry 1853
American who first arrives in Japan demands trade
Sino-Japanese War 1894-5, and Asia Pacific War 1937-45
Two wars involving Japan, Russia, China, Korea etc
"Yokohama Prints" 1859
Woodblock prints (blue busy street showing commerce), View of Yokohama--artificial ports built to isolate Western trade if you can't beat em join em, Amerikajins strolling strange hybrid of Jap style and curiosity with Western world
"Prints of the Sino-Japanese War" Kobayashi Kiyochika, 1895
Japanese soldier with slain Chinese soldier emerging technology/updated compared to Chinese soldier no shoes traditional clothes--Itohiro meets with Chinese enemies negotiating peace, new > traditional--Japanese torpedo striking Russian vessel they defeat Russians/Europeans, a rival for Asian dominance?
"Kannon" 1888 by Kano Hogai
A reaction to photography and modernism--traditional watercolor--no market for old style, traditional ancient subject of Kannon protector spirit of childbirth, children, compassion, twists such as modern iconography kid in bubble Euro influences
"By the Lake" 1897 by Kuroda Seiki, oil on canvas
European style, a woman in a blue kimono, artist trained in Paris, perspective, use of light and dark to create 3D, embracing Euro style
Competition for the Imperial Household Museum 1931, by Watanabe Jin and Maekawa Kunio
winning design--adopting Euro style, methods, materials (cement) with Japanese elements ie sloped tiled roof and Asian railings, nationalism we want Japanese elements but adapted, versus losing design modernist young designs shouldn't betray materials, squares very Western modern abstract straight lines
"Airmail Accumulation" 1963 by Kusama Yayoi, NY art school of the 60s
collage "via air mail" elevating mundane object into art "pop"
"Infinity Mirror Room" 1963 by Kusama Yayoi
she wears red long johns in a mirrored room filled with polka dot phallus pillows--critique of male-dominated culture, reducing threat/power of phalluses, mirrors replicate you, you are brought into the art and must take a stand
"Cut Piece" by Ono Yoko 1964
performance in multiple places, walks out with scissors sits in demure position of a traditional good Jap girl, audience must come up and cut away clothes--violent assault? anxiety/excitement/guilt criticism. A worldwide artist, not just Japanese
"MacDonald's Hamburgers Invade Japan Series" 1975 by Teraoka Masami, watercolors(Jap born, LA trained, Hawaii)
Looks like traditional Japanese woodblock print, American commercial pop culture, Western woman eating ramen and wearing Japanese tattoos, Japanese courtesan with hamburger, writing style of Kabuki drama, absurd--clash?
"AIDS Series" 1988 watercolor by Teraoka Masami
Looks like woodblock print--medium with history of dealing with sexuality, geisha in bath tearing condoms, tortoise shell hairpins look like skin cancer, fear
"To the Front" 1932 Hu Yichuan, woodblock print
Black, dark and light contrast, popular medium for mobilization and political messages, communist youth artist, leader calls the masses to the front to drive exploiting foreign powers (Euro/Jap) from China
"Foolish old man removes the mountain" 1940 by Xu Beihong
ink and color, men chopping away at rock and dirt, an old story adopted by Mao Zedong inspired an old man works together with all his progeny to move the mountain (ie, of European influence). The two mountains against communism are imperialism and feudalism
"Portrait of Miss L" 1929 by Guan Zilan, oil on canvas
Matisse colors but Chinese subject of a little girl with clownish colors, Chinese self-exoticising? but the exotic is that of Matisse, not of China
"Little Guests in the Moon Palance" 1970 PRC poster from 70s/80s
Folktale of rabbit living on the moon, and he is greeting the commie Boy with flowers, panda diplomacy, promoting rocket program (needs support and money)
"I contribute precious deposits to the mother country" 1979 PRC propaganda poster
female miner heroic looking off into future
"Warmly love ones job, study to catch up with advances, raise quality, practice efficiency" 1983 PRC poster
Poster of happy attractive Chinese girl working, gender roles
"Great Castigation Series: Coca Cola" 1993 oil on canvas by Wang Guang Yi
Three communist figures (military, farmer, city worker) hold up the communist flag but it is a pen that scribes Coca Cola amidst ISBN and stock ticker codes. Censorship less stringent in China, allows for slight criticism using old propaganda poster emblems suggests country is "for sale"--irony
"The Rouge Series #8" by Li Shan 1990, acrylic on canvas, political pop
A parody of Mao's early days but he's been feminized (eye shadow, flower) and red not very communist but more feminine, prostitute
"Book from the Sky" 1991 by Xu Bin
Installation art hand printed books full of gibberish on the floor some on walls, some hanging from ceiling--why? inventing characters rearranging components to make gibberish--texts can be a resource and a burden, old texts have become unreadable in the 21st century, moderrnism

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