history 10 midterm exam
chapter 1-15
Terms
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- Metacom
- Wampanoag leader who waged King Philip's War with New England colonists who had encroached on Native American territories
- Roger Williams
- English cleric in America who was expelled from Massachusetts for his criticism of Puritan policies; founds Providence Plantations (community based on religious freedom)
- The Enlightenment
- a philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason to scrutinize previously accepted doctrines and traditions that brought about many humanitarian reforms
- Glorious Revolution
- English Revolution against authoritarians policies and Catholicicsm of James II, James was forced into exile, and Mary and William of Orange took the throne; revolution secure the dominance of Parliament over royal power
- Hernán Cortés
- Spanish explorer who conquered the Aztecs initially in 1519, retreated when they rebelled, then defeated them again, aided by a small pox epidemic in 1521
- Virginia Company
- 1606 King James I chartered the Virginia Company; one group was centered in London and found Jamestown, the second group from Plymouth in western England founded the Plymouth colony
- Bacon's Rebellion
- a. Impact on development of institution of slavery and native Americans
- Columbian Exchange
- first founded by Columbus; exchange of goods, people and ideas; between Europe, the Americas and Africa; social and cultural exchange (clothes, weapons, religion); enriched American culture; disease was spread through this exchange
- Mayflower Compact
- when the Mayflower reached Cape Cod and the colonists decided to settle there, they lacked the legal basis to establish a government, so adult males of the colony signed a mutal agreement for ordering their society
- Middle Passage
- transport of slaves across Atlantic from Africas to North America
- Benjamin Franklin
- played a major part in French revolution; helped secure French support for colonists; negotiated Treaty of Paris and helped draft the Constitution; invented lightening rod, bifocal spectacles and stove
- Salem Witch Trials
- prosecution of almost 200 people in Salem and its environs on charges of practicing witchcraft; 20 people put to death before William PHips stopped the trails
- Spearatists
- Pilgrims; rejected the church hierarchy because they believed every congregation should govern itself, so they gave up hope with the church and they made the ultimate act of separatism by making a colony in America
- Half-Way Covenant
- Puritan practice where parents who had been baptized but had not yet experienced the conversion could bring there children before the church and have them baptized
- Navigation Acts
- any sever acts of Parliament, designed primarily to expand British trade and limit trade by British colonies with countries that were rivals of Great Britain reduced commerce and promoted productivity
- John Locke
- role as enlightened scholoar; natural law, responsible for government by consent of government
- Domninion of New England
- effort to centralize the colonies and create consistent laws and political structures
- William Penn
- English Quaker leader who obtained a charter for Pennsylvania from Charles II in exchange for debt owed to Penn's father; intended to establish model society based on religious freedom and peaceful relations with Native Americans, in addition to benefiting financially from sale of land
- Anne Hutchinson
- English-born American colonist and religious leader who was banished from Boston for her religious beliefs, which included an emphasis on an individual's direct communication with God
- Puritans
- strain of English Calvanism that demanded purifications of Anglican Church, including eliminations of rituals, vestments, statues and bishops