Reconstruction
Terms
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- segregation
- legal separation of the races
- the 13th amendment
- abolished slavery
- literacy tests
- tests that required freedmen to write and explain parts of the constitution, and then they would be able to vote, since many freedmen were illiterate, these tests "shunned" the freedmen away
- sharecropping
- This is when plantation owners give workers a plot of land to harvest. The worker has to give a portion of the harvest to the plantation owner for rent/payment and they are free to sell/use the rest. Not always a fair cut-->often works in plantation owner favor.
- The 14th Amendment
- Equal Rights Amendment
- poll taxes
- taxes that required voters to pay a fee everytime they voted, since freedem could barely afford these, they didn't vote
- Amendment
- a change made in a law or bill
- The 15th Amendment
- This allowed all MEN of any race or color to vote.
- Civil Rights Act
- This secured the rights of freedmen., it gave citizenship to African- Americans
- Freedmen's Bureau
- Set up to provide schools, clothes, food, water, medical care, and other supplies to those devastated/freed by the Civil War
- Problems faced by the North
- There were no jobs, and since the war orders were canceled, the factories were laying off (firing) workers.
- sharecropping
- system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops
- Grandfather Clause
- A law that said if your grandfather could vote you did not have to take a literacy test or pay a toll
- Plessy vs Ferguson
- (1896) The Court ruled that segregation was not discriminatory (did not violate black civil rights under the Fourteenth Amendemnt) provide that blacks received accommodations equal to those of whites.
- the 14th amendment
- granted citizenship to all persons borm or naturalized in the US; banned states from denying any person life, liberty, or property without due process of law; and banned states from denying any person equal protection under the laws
- Problems faced by the South
- The railroads were destroyed, the major cities were wrecked, and the money system was corrupt; the money was worthless.
- carpetbaggers
- A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states;
- Black codes
- Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves
- Reconstruction
- the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union
- Jim Crow Laws
- These laws separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theaters, streetcars, trains, playgrounds, hospitals and even cemetaries. These left blacks in a hopeless situation