History Exam
History Exam for CCA 9th graders
Terms
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- tobacco industry
- the industy that has little freedom of speech as compared to many other industries
- Vice President
- serves as president of the Senate
- State of the Union Address
- the speech the president give before the entire Congress that sums up what is going on in America and pushes his agenda
- enforce laws
- chief duty of the president
- Andrew Jackson
- President responsible for starting the "spoils system" in Washingtom
- Texas v. Johnson
- flag burning is legal
- F.D.R.
- president that was elected to four terms
- Marbury v. Madison
- Supreme Court case gave the Court the right of judicial review
- reapportionment
- redrawing of congressional district lines to reflect population shifts
- poll tax or literacy test
- 2 main ways blacks were kept from voting
- House of Rep.
- all revenue bills originate here
- multiparty
- type of political system is most common among European democracies
- 9
- how many justices are on the Supreme Court today
- 8th Amend.
- No cruel, unusual, or unjust punishment
- original jurisdiction
- right of a court to hear a case first
- Vietnam War
- the event that the War Powers Act of 1973 was a reaction
- imminent domain
- property is condemned for the public good and the owner is paid a fair price
- gerrymandering
- the term for the redrawing of district lines to benefit one political party at the expense of another
- make the law
- primary power of Congress
- Whigs
- political party grew out of opposition to Andrew Jackson
- Miller v. Callifornia
- communities set standard for obsenity
- House of Representatives
- where all revenue bills originate
- 22nd Amend.
- gave term limits for the president
- Vice President
- the head of the Senate
- Henry Clay
- Speaker of the House was called the "king-maker"
- subpoena
- a document that requires a person to testify before a congressional committee
- Senate
- must approve appointments by president before they are official
- 435
- how many representatives are in the House
- Camp David
- presidential retreat in Maryland
- majority leader
- most powerful position of leadership in the Senate
- establishment clause and free exercise clause
- the two clauses on religion in the 1rst Amendment
- N.Y. Times v. Sullivan
- public officials can be attacked unless reckless disregard for truth is shown
- Theodore Roosevelt
- ran for presdent for the "Bull Moose" Party
- McCulloch v. Maryland
- Supreme court case that ruled that it is illegal for states to tax federal agencies
- Law of the Twelve Table
- first codification of Roman law called
- Reynolds v. U.S.A.
- made plygamy illegal
- grand jury
- type of jury indicts or charges accused criminals
- Bush v. Gore
- Supreme Court case decided the presidential election of 2000
- 23rd Amend.
- granted 3 electoral votes to the District of Columbia
- 2nd Article
- article that established the executive branch
- majority party
- determines the leadership in Congress
- 3rd party
- another name for a minor party
- junket
- a trip used to "invistigate" using tax dollars and usually a waste of time
- sedition and speech threatening public safety
- two limits on free speech
- Miranda v. Arizona
- court case that provided for the rights of those arrested to be explained
- Roe v. Wade
- Supreme Court case made abortion legal
- Speaker
- most powerful position of leadership in the House
- vice president of the U.S.A.
- serves as president of the Senate
- 2nd Amend.
- right to bear arms
- "Bull Moose" Party
- an example of a splinter party
- Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton
- only presidents impeached
- 19th Amend.
- women gained the right to vote
- standing committee
- the permanent committee that is generally more powerful than the other types of committeess
- reserved powers
- constitutional powers are not withheld from the states, but are withheld from the national government
- N.Y. Times v. U.S.A.
- prior restraint can't be practiced
- excise tax
- tax on the sale of goods produced within the U.S.A.
- 22nd Amendment
- limits the number of terms a president may be elected to serve
- House of Representatives
- most populous branch of Congress
- probable clause
- must be shown by police to gain a search warrant
- Reagan Democrats
- people who defected from their usual party to vote for Ronald Reagan in 1980 and 1984
- Brown v. Board of Education
- ended segregation in Public schools
- 26th Amend.
- gave 18 yrs old the right to vote
- Engle v. Vitale
- No teacher led prayer in public schools
- Harry truman
- fired Gen. MacArthur
- Lame Duck
- president serving out the rest of his term and is unable to run again
- War Powers Act of 1973
- says the president can call out troops for 90 days without Congressional approval
- Senate
- branch of Congress that has equal membership for each state
- duty
- tax on an import
- coalition
- temporary alliance of several groups to form a majority in order to gain control of the government
- petit/trial jury
- type of jury hears cases and decides their outcomes
- Boy Scouts v. Dale
- Homosexual leaders are prohibited
- House of Representatives
- branch of Congress that has membership based on population
- Republicans
- party that has won the most presidential elections since 1952
- 16th Amend.
- created the income tax
- conference committee
- type of committee that is temporary; has members from both houses; and works out a compromise agreement on a bill that has emerged from both houses in different forms
- 17th Amendment
- called for direct election of senators
- slander and libel
- two forms of defamation
- Executive Office of the President
- group that works daily with the President
- 2/3 vote
- the fraction of congress must vote to override a veto
- Gibbons v. Ogden
- Supreme Court case that confirmed the federal government's power to regulate interstate commerce
- Miranda v. Arizona
- Supreme Court case ruling requires that suspected criminals be informed of their legal rights
- Mapp v. Ohio
- established the exclusionary rule
- Civil Rights Act of 1964
- outlawed discrimination based on race
- Conservative
- a person who defends the status quo against change in the politcal, social, and economic institutions of society
- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
- Supreme Court case ruled segregation illegal in schools
- 25th Amend.
- amendment that determines succession to presidency
- joint committee
- type of committee that has members from both houses and serves primarily as an advisory board to other committees
- Richard Nixon
- only president to resign
- William Blackston
- wrote the Commentaries on the Lwas of England
- Franklin Roosevelt
- the Democrat that broke the Republican hold on the White House in 1932
- natural born citizen, resident for 14 years, 35 years old
- the three official qualification for the presidency
- precidents/stare decisis
- term for making judicial decisions based on previous rulings
- select committee
- type of committee that is created for a specific purpose, generally to investigate a specific problem or issue
- ticket splitting
- called when a person votes for candidates from more than one party
- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
- the leader of the civil right movement of the 1960's
- life terms
- how long Supreme Court justices hold their jobs for
- common law
- system of law that developed in England
- Lemon v. Kurtzman
- established the three fold test on religion (Lemon Test)
- ratification
- formal approval process of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty
- George W. Bush (Jr.)
- President during "9-11"
- George Washington
- the president warned against political parties in his farewell address
- clear and present danger test
- a speech can be stopped if it is causing a riot