The New Nation: 1789-1800
Terms
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- The Sedition Act
- speaking, writing, or publishing criticism of the government was considered treason
- Gibbons v. Ogden
- recognized federal government's authority over interstate trade
- Cohens v. Virginia
- the Court asserted the right of the Supreme Court to review the decisions of state supreme courts in issues dealing with the authority of the federal governement
- Nonintercourse Act (1809)
- trade was opened with all nations except Britain and France
- Key Concepts
- Hamiliton's econ plan promoted manufacturing; the Bank of the U.S. and tariff were opposed in rural areas and south states; differences and similarites between Hamiltonian and Jeffersonian movements; election of Jefferson "the Revolution of 1800"; the marshall court defined the role and powers of judicial; relations with france and britain strained because of Adams and Jefferson
- The Hamiltonian Movement
- spirit represented the interests of the capitalist class; favored the expansion of the federal government's power; maintained that the future of the nation was dependent on industry; the party favored Great Britain
- Marbury v. Madison
- established concept of Judicial review; determine constitutionality of state and federal legislation
- The Naturalization Act
- residency requirement to 14 years, not 5; limited the Democratic-Republicans
- McCulloch v. Maryland
- government can established national bank, could not be taxed by state, and federal law is absolute over state law
- Compact Theory of Government (States' Rights)
- Federal Government created by states>instances where conflicts arise between the rights and laws of the states and the authority of the government>interests of states take precedence over the laws and actions of the federal government>a state has the right to declare national laws null and void
- Report on Manufactures
- accomplished with tarrifs, loans, grants, excise taxes to raise revenues, infrastructural development-aid in the construction of those facilities that are necessary for economic development
- Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
- established the supremacy of feder courts over state courts
- The Jay Treaty (1794)
- asked Britian to stop seizing U.S. ships and enslaving U.S. citizens; Britain said they would stop at the coastline but nowhere else; U.S. hardly able to maintain its neutrality
- Nonintercourse Act
- halted importation of British commodities
- Creation of a National Bank
- aid the capitalist class; credit would allow for expanded employment oppurtunites; government could address economic problems; controlled mainly by private citizens
- Report on Public Credit
- Hamiliton suggested that the U.S. pay off all public debts to open up economy and ask for money later
- Embargo Act
- prohibited all foreign trade
- Marshall court
- vested rights in contract clauses; expanded Court's jurisdiction; judicial nationalism; blocking state regulations that limited property rights; freeing American commerce from restraints
- The Alien Act
- this gave the president authority to deport individuals he considered a threat
- Washington's Advice
- maintain national unity; obey and support constitution; don't create political parties; create permanent alliances with foreign nations, not becoming embroiled in European affairs
- Leopard-Chesapeake Incident
- the British fired on the U.S. ship Chesapeake and impressed its sailors into the navy
- Creating the Government
- George Washington and Adams were Pres. and Vice Pres; Jefferson, Hamilton and Knox filled other positions; first cabinet system
- Essex Decision
- British ruled that trade closed during peacetime and the U.S. couldn't ship with the French West Indies
- The Pinckney Treaty (1795)
- made deal with Spain to open up Mississippi and New Orleans for trade, and settled boundary for Florida
- Macon's Bill No. 2
- opened trade with Britain and France; France and U.S. were on good terms again
- The Tariff of 1789
- discouraged competition from abroad; provided government with revenue
- Dartmouth College v. Woodward
- state cannot alter or invalidate a contract
- Key Events in Jefferson's Presidency
- Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the U.S. for only $15 million; organized expedition for the new territory; paved way for westward expansion
- Other events
- Orders in Council: Britain blockaded ports of France and allies; Berlin Decree: France responded to the Orders of Council; Milan Decree: France announced it would seize any ships that had obeyed Britain's orders
- The Alien Enemies Act
- deportation or imprisonment of any individuals in a time of declared war
- Hamiltonian Vision
- advocated a commercial and manufacturing vision; created a mercantilist plan to facilitate economic expansion
- Fletcher v. Peck
- a state can not pass laws that invalidated a contract
- Political Division
- soon split into Federalists and Anti-Federalists; most federalists looked to Jefferson, the vice president, rather than Adams, the president; relations with France were more strained than ever, as many people saw a better oppurtunity with Britain
- Foreign and Domestic Affairs
- France broke out in revolution and asked for American aid; Washington said they would remain neutral; Jefferson and French minister to U.S. were outraged
- The Jeffersonian Movement
- the spirit of the movement represented the common man; it was anticapitalistic; it favored limitations on the power of the federal government; it maintained that the future was dependent on agrarian society; the party favored support of France