MTTP Chapter 3 Punctuation
Terms
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- SENTENCE
- A group of words containing a subject and a verb that forms a complete statement and is able to stand-alone. The subject need not always be expressed; it may be understood.
- VERB
- A word or a group of words that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement. It may be one word or several words that are written together or are even separated by other words.
- SUBJECT
- That part of a sentence about which something is being said. This part is properly called the complete subject, but within the complete subject there is always a word or group of words that is the principal word within the complete subject and is called the simple subject. The subject is usually a noun or pronoun.
- NOUN / PRONOUN
- The name of a person, place, or thing.
- CLAUSE
- Any group of words containing a subject and a verb.
- INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
- A group of words containing a subject and a verb, making a complete statement and able to stand alone as a complete sentence.
- COMPOUND SENTENCE
- Two or more independent clauses together make up a compound sentence.
- DEPENDENT CLAUSE
- A group of words containing a subject and a verb that depends on some other word or words in the sentence for completeness of meaning.
- COMPOUND PREDICATE
- Two or more verbs with one subject.
- INTRODUCTORY PHRASE
- A group of words that occurs at the beginning of a sentence. This phrase can be thought of as being out of order or transposed in the sentence.
- ESSENTIAL
- A word, phrase, or clause that is vital to the meaning of the sentence. Sometimes there are called "restrictive."
- NONESSENTIAL
- A word, phrase, or clause that is not vital to the meaning of the sentence and simply provides explanatory material. Sometimes these are called "nonrestrictive."
- PARENTHETICAL EXPRESSION
- An interrupting group of words that does not change or contribute to the meaning of a sentence. They may appear at the beginning, middle, or end of the sentence and are usually nonessential.
- APPOSITIVE
- A noun or pronoun that closely follows another noun or pronoun to restate, rename, explain, or clarify it. It may be essential or nonessential. An appositive must always consist of a word or words that can be directly substituted for the noun or pronoun they follow.
- CONJUNCTION
- These are words that are used to join other words, phrases, clauses, and independent clauses.