3.04,3.05
Terms
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- The Freedmen's Bureau
- served to provide clothing, medical attention, meals, education, and even some land to freed blacks and some poorer whites
- Whiskey Ring
- a scheme by internal revenue (tax) collectors and whiskey distillers to cheat the govt out of tax money (among those indicted was Grant's own private sect.)
- Impeach
- charge with wrongdoing in order to remove from office
- Ku Klux Klan
- Some whites advocated violence against freed blacks
- Bitterness Grows in the South
- many grew bitter towards Union and those who profited from Reconstruction
- Radical Republicans
- Radical Republicans, led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner wanted harsher punishment on the South; advocated full citizenship (including right to vote) for all African Americans
- The Plight of African Americans After the Civil War
- Now African Americans in the South had to adjust to life after slavery
- Andrew Johnson
- sympathetic to the south
- Election of 1876
- Congress appointed an electoral commission to settle the
- Reconstruction
- how to rejoin southern states to the union; how to rebuild the southern economy; what rights African-Americans will have
- Texas v. White
- Supreme Court ruled that the fed. govt had the authority to oversee the reconstructing of sthn. state govts.
- Literacy tests
- since most Afr. Amer. in the South tended to be poor & uneducated, the new laws prevented many of them from voting
- Samuel Tilden
- Candidate
- The Grant Administration
- Although Johnson had survived impeachment, even his own party would not support him in 1868
- Thaddeus Stevens
- , Cong. Voted to impeach (charge with wrongdoing in order to remove from office) the pres. of US.
- Election of 1876 and the End of Reconstruction
- Because of the bad economy and the many scandals Surrounding Pres. Grant, the Dems. hoped that their Candidate, Samuel Tilden, could win the election
- Scalawags
- southerners, often Republicans, who supported Reconstruction
- Compromise of 1877
- Dems. Agreed to Hayes being Pres. and Republicans agreed to end Reconstruction
- Carpetbaggers
- northerners who had come to the South to do business
- Fourteenth Amendment
- guaranteed equality under the law for all citizens
- 10th Amendment
- which states that those rights not delegated to the federal govt are reserved for the states
- 15th Amendment
- guaranteed that no citizen may be denied the right to vote "by the United States or any other state on the account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
- Black codes
- laws to keep African Americans subordinate to whites by restricting the rights of freed slaves
- Johnson's Impeachment
- Johnson tried to fire Sect. of War Edwin Stanton, who had been appointed by Lincoln, because he was closely tied to Radical Rep.
- 13th Amendment
- freed the slaves
- Poll taxes
- since most Afr. Amer. in the South tended to be poor & uneducated, the new laws prevented many of them from voting
- Grandfather clauses
- exempted citizens from restrictions on voting they, or their ancestors, had voted in previous elections or served in the conf. military
- Tenant farming
- - paid rent to farm the land and owned the crops they grew
- Sharecropping
- practice by which a family farmed a portion of a landowner's land in return for housing and a share of the crop
- Rutherford B. Hayes
- Nominated governor of Ohio
- Civil Rights Act of 1866
- created federal guarantees of civil rights and superseded any state laws that limited them Johnson vetoed the act
- Solid South
- refers to the fact that, for nearly a century after Reconstruction, sthnrs. remainednearly a century after Reconstruction, sthnrs. remainednearly a century after Reconstruction, sthnrs. remaineddistrustful of the Rep. Party and "solidly" supported Democratic candidates
- Presidential reconstruction
- pardons and restoration of land to Confederates who swore allegiance; each state had to ratify the 13th Amendment and draft a Constitution that abolished slavery; failed to offer African-Americans citizenship
- Jim Crow Laws
- With end of Reconstruction, sthn. states began passing
- Tenure in Office Act
- which limited the Pres.'s power to hire & fire govt officials