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SALETC Criminal Law 23,24,25,26,27&28

Terms

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13-2305. Permissible inferences
13-2305. Permissible inferences

In an action for trafficking in stolen property:

1. Proof of possession of property recently stolen, unless satisfactorily explained, may give rise to an inference that the person in possession of the property was aware of the risk that it had been stolen or in some way participated in its theft.

2. Proof of the purchase or sale of stolen property at a price substantially below its fair market value, unless satisfactorily explained, may give rise to an inference that the person buying or selling the property was aware of the risk that it had been stolen.

3. Proof of the purchase or sale of stolen property by a dealer in property, out of the regular course of business, or without the usual indicia of ownership other than mere possession, unless satisfactorily explained, may give rise to an inference that the person buying or selling the property was aware of the risk that it had been stolen.
13-2306. Possession of altered property; classification
13-2306. Possession of altered property; classification

A. A person who is a dealer in property and recklessly possesses property the permanent identifying features of which, including serial numbers or labels, have been removed or in any fashion altered is guilty of a class 6 felony.

B. It is a defense to a prosecution under this section that a person has lawfully obtained a special serial number pursuant to section 28-2165 or lawfully possesses the usual indicia of ownership in addition to mere possession or has obtained the consent of the manufacturer of the property.
13-2307. Trafficking in stolen property; classification
13-2307. Trafficking in stolen property; classification

A. A person who recklessly traffics in the property of another that has been stolen is guilty of trafficking in stolen property in the second degree.

B. A person who knowingly initiates, organizes, plans, finances, directs, manages or supervises the theft and trafficking in the property of another that has been stolen is guilty of trafficking in stolen property in the first degree.

C. Trafficking in stolen property in the second degree is a class 3 felony. Trafficking in stolen property in the first degree is a class 2 felony.
13-2308.01. Terrorism; classification
13-2308.01. Terrorism; classification

A. It is unlawful for a person to intentionally or knowingly do any of the following:

1. Engage in an act of terrorism.

2. Organize, manage, direct, supervise or finance an act of terrorism.

3. Solicit, incite or induce others to promote or further an act of terrorism.

4. Without lawful authority or when exceeding lawful authority, manufacture, sell, deliver, display, use, make accessible to others, possess or exercise control over a weapon of mass destruction knowing or having reason to know that the device or object involved is a weapon of mass destruction.

5. Make property available to another, by transaction, transportation or otherwise, knowing or having reason to know that the property is intended to facilitate an act of terrorism.

6. Provide advice, assistance or direction in the conduct, financing or management of an act of terrorism knowing or having reason to know that an act of terrorism has occurred or may result by:

(a) Harboring or concealing any person or property.

(b) Warning any person of impending discovery, apprehension, prosecution or conviction. This subdivision does not apply to a warning that is given in connection with an effort to bring another person into compliance with the law.

(c) Providing any person with material support or resources or any other means of avoiding discovery, apprehension, prosecution or conviction.

(d) Concealing or disguising the nature, location, source, ownership or control of material support or resources.

(e) Preventing or obstructing by means of force, deception or intimidation anyone from performing an act that might aid in the discovery, apprehension, prosecution or conviction of any person or that might aid in the prevention of an act of terrorism.

(f) Suppressing by any act of concealment, alteration or destruction any physical evidence that might aid in the discovery, apprehension, prosecution or conviction of any person or that might aid in the prevention of an act of terrorism.

(g) Concealing the identity of any person.

B. This section does not apply to any person who is a member or employee of the armed forces of the United States, a federal or state governmental agency or any political subdivision of a state, a charitable, scientific or educational institution or a private entity if both of the following apply:

1. The person is engaged in lawful activity within the scope of the person's employment and the person is otherwise duly authorized or licensed to manufacture, possess, sell, deliver, display, use, exercise control over or make accessible to others any weapon of mass destruction or to otherwise engage in any activity described in this paragraph.

2. The person is in compliance with all applicable federal and state laws in doing so.

C. A violation of subsection A of this section is a class 2 felony, except that if the court finds that at least one of the aggravating circumstances listed in section 13-702, subsection C applies, the court may impose a life sentence. If the court imposes a life sentence, the court may order that the defendant not be released on any basis for the remainder of the defendant's natural life. If the court does not sentence the defendant to natural life, the defendant shall not be released on any basis until the completion of the service of twenty-five calendar years.
13-2310. Fraudulent schemes and artifices; classification; definition
13-2310. Fraudulent schemes and artifices; classification; definition

A. Any person who, pursuant to a scheme or artifice to defraud, knowingly obtains any benefit by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, promises or material omissions is guilty of a class 2 felony.

B. Reliance on the part of any person shall not be a necessary element of the offense described in subsection A of this section.

C. A person who is convicted of a violation of this section that involved a benefit with a value of one hundred thousand dollars or more is not eligible for suspension of sentence, probation, pardon or release from confinement on any basis except pursuant to section 31-233, subsection A or B until the sentence imposed by the court has been served, the person is eligible for release pursuant to section 41-1604.07 or the sentence is commuted.

D. The state shall apply the aggregation prescribed by section 13-1801, subsection B to violations of this section in determining the applicable punishment.

E. As used in this section, "scheme or artifice to defraud" includes a scheme or artifice to deprive a person of the intangible right of honest services.
13-2312. Illegal control of an enterprise; illegally conducting an enterprise; classification
13-2312. Illegal control of an enterprise; illegally conducting an enterprise; classification

A. A person commits illegal control of an enterprise if such person, through racketeering or its proceeds, acquires or maintains, by investment or otherwise, control of any enterprise.

B. A person commits illegally conducting an enterprise if such person is employed by or associated with any enterprise and conducts such enterprise's affairs through racketeering or participates directly or indirectly in the conduct of any enterprise that the person knows is being conducted through racketeering.

C. A person violates this section if he hires, engages or uses a minor for any conduct preparatory to or in completion of any offense in this section.

D. A knowing violation of this section is a class 3 felony, except that a knowing violation of subsection C is a class 2 felony and the person convicted is not eligible for probation, pardon, suspension of sentence or release on any basis until the person has served the sentence imposed by the court or the sentence is commuted.
13-2314. Racketeering; civil remedies by this state; definitions
13-2314. Racketeering; civil remedies by this state; definitions

A. The attorney general or a county attorney may file an action in superior court on behalf of a person who sustains injury to his person, business or property by racketeering as defined by section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or by a violation of section 13-2312 for the recovery of treble damages and the costs of the suit, including reasonable attorney fees, or to prevent, restrain, or remedy racketeering as defined by section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or a violation of section 13-2312. If the person against whom a racketeering claim has been asserted, including a forfeiture action or lien, prevails on that claim, the person may be awarded costs and reasonable attorney fees incurred in defense of that claim. In actions filed by the state or a county, awards of costs and reasonable attorney fees are to be assessed against and paid from monies acquired pursuant to sections 13-2314.01 and 13-2314.03.

B. The superior court has jurisdiction to prevent, restrain, and remedy racketeering as defined by section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or a violation of section 13-2312 after making provision for the rights of any person who sustained injury to his person, business or property by the racketeering conduct and after a hearing or trial, as appropriate, by issuing appropriate orders.

C. Prior to a determination of liability such orders may include, but are not limited to, issuing seizure warrants, entering findings of probable cause for in personam or in rem forfeiture, entering restraining orders or prohibitions or taking such other actions, including the acceptance of satisfactory performance bonds, the creation of receiverships and the enforcement of constructive trusts, in connection with any property or other interest subject to forfeiture, damages or other remedies or restraints pursuant to this section as the court deems proper.

D. Following a determination of liability such orders may include, but are not limited to:

1. Ordering any person to divest himself of any interest, direct or indirect, in any enterprise.

2. Imposing reasonable restrictions on the future activities or investments of any person, including prohibiting any person from engaging in the same type of endeavor as the enterprise engaged in, the activities of which affect the laws of this state, to the extent the constitutions of the United States and this state permit.

3. Ordering dissolution or reorganization of any enterprise.

4. Ordering the payment of treble damages to those persons injured by racketeering as defined by section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or a violation of section 13-2312.

5. Ordering the payment of all costs and expenses of the prosecution and investigation of any offense included in the definition of racketeering in section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or a violation of section 13-2312, civil and criminal, including reasonable attorney fees, to be paid to the general fund of the state or the county which brings the action.

6. In personam forfeiture pursuant to chapter 39 of this title to the general fund of the state or county as appropriate, to the extent that forfeiture is not inconsistent with protecting the rights of any person who sustained injury to his person, business or property by the racketeering conduct, of the interest of a person in:

(a) Any property or interest in property acquired or maintained by the person in violation of section 13-2312.

(b) Any interest in, security of, claims against or property, office, title, license or contractual right of any kind affording a source of influence over any enterprise or other property which the person has acquired or maintained an interest in or control of, conducted or participated in the conduct of in violation of section 13-2312.

(c) All proceeds traceable to an offense included in the definition of racketeering in section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 and held by the person and all monies, negotiable instruments, securities and other property used or intended to be used by the person in any manner or part to facilitate commission of the offense and that the person either owned or controlled for the purpose of that use.

(d) Any other property up to the value of the subject property described in subdivision (a), (b) or (c) of this paragraph.

7. Payment to the general fund of the state or county as appropriate of an amount equal to the gain that was acquired or maintained through an offense included in the definition of racketeering in section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or a violation of section 13-2312 or that any person is liable for under this section.

E. A person who is liable for conduct described in subsection D, paragraph 6, subdivision (a), (b) or (c) of this section is liable for the total value of all interests in property described in those subdivisions. The court shall enter an order of forfeiture against the person in the amount of the total value of all those interests less the value of any interests that are forfeited before or at the time of the entry of the final judgment.

F. A person or enterprise that acquires any property through an offense included in the definition of racketeering in section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or through a violation of section 13-2312 is an involuntary trustee. The involuntary trustee and any other person or enterprise, except a bona fide purchaser for value who is reasonably without notice of the unlawful conduct and who is not knowingly taking part in an illegal transaction, hold the property, its proceeds and its fruits in constructive trust for the benefit of persons entitled to remedies under this section.

G. In addition to or in lieu of an action under this section the attorney general or a county attorney may file an in rem action pursuant to chapter 39 of this title for forfeiture, to the extent that forfeiture is not inconsistent with protecting the rights of any person who sustained injury to his person, business or property by the racketeering conduct, of:

1. Any property or interest in property acquired or maintained by a person in violation of section 13-2312.

2. Any interest in, security of, claims against or property, office, title, license or contractual right of any kind affording a source of influence over any enterprise or other property which a person has acquired or maintained an interest in or control of, conducted or participated in the conduct of in violation of section 13-2312.

3. All proceeds traceable to an offense included in the definition of racketeering in section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 and all monies, negotiable instruments, securities and other property used or intended to be used in any manner or part to facilitate the commission of the offense.

H. A defendant convicted in any criminal proceeding shall be precluded from subsequently denying the essential allegations of the criminal offense of which he was convicted in any civil proceeding. For the purposes of this subsection, a conviction may result from a verdict or plea including a no contest plea.

I. Notwithstanding any law creating a lesser period, the initiation of civil proceedings related to violations of any offense included in the definition of racketeering in section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or a violation of section 13-2312, including procedures pursuant to chapter 39 of this title, shall be commenced within seven years after actual discovery of the violation.

J. In any civil action brought pursuant to this section, the attorney general or a county attorney may file with the clerk of the superior court a certificate stating that the case is of special public importance. A copy of that certificate shall be furnished immediately by such clerk to the chief judge or presiding chief judge of the superior court in the county in which such action is pending, and, upon receipt of such copy, the judge shall immediately designate a judge to hear and determine the action. The judge so designated shall promptly assign such action for hearing, participate in the hearings and determination and cause the action to be expedited.

K. The standard of proof in actions brought pursuant to this section is the preponderance of the evidence test.

L. A civil action authorized by this section, including proceedings pursuant to chapter 39 of this title, is remedial and not punitive and does not limit and is not limited by any other previous or subsequent civil or criminal action under this title or any other provision of law. Civil remedies provided under this title are supplemental and not mutually exclusive.

M. The attorney general may appear as amicus curiae in any proceeding in which a claim under this section has been asserted, including proceedings pursuant to chapter 39 of this title, or in which the court is interpreting this chapter or chapter 39 of this title. A party who files a notice of appeal from a civil action brought under this chapter or chapter 39 of this title shall serve the notice and one copy of the appellant's brief on the attorney general at the time the person files the appellant's brief with the court. This requirement is jurisdictional.

N. In this section and section 13-2312:

1. "Acquire" means for a person to do any of the following:

(a) Possess.

(b) Act so as to exclude other persons from using their property except on his own terms.

(c) Bring about or receive the transfer of any interest in property, whether to himself or to another person, or to secure performance of a service.

2. "Gain" means any benefit, interest or property of any kind without reduction for expenses of acquiring or maintaining it or incurred for any other reason.

3. "Proceeds" includes any interest in property of any kind acquired through or caused by an act or omission, or derived from the act or omission, directly or indirectly, and any fruits of this interest, in whatever form.
13-2314.01. Anti-racketeering revolving fund; use of fund; reports
13-2314.01. Anti-racketeering revolving fund; use of fund; reports

A. There is established an anti-racketeering revolving fund to be administered by the attorney general under the conditions and for the purposes provided by this section. Monies in the fund are exempt from the lapsing provisions of section 35-190.

B. Any prosecution and investigation costs, including attorney's fees, recovered for the state by the attorney general as a result of enforcement of civil and criminal statutes pertaining to any offense included in the definition of racketeering in section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or section 13-2312, whether by final judgment, settlement or otherwise, shall be deposited in the fund established by this section.

C. Any monies received by any department or agency of this state or any political subdivision of this state from any department or agency of the United States or another state as a result of participation in any investigation or prosecution, whether by final judgment, settlement or otherwise, shall be deposited in the fund established by this section or, if the recipient is a political subdivision of this state, may be deposited in the fund established by section 13-2314.03.

D. Any monies obtained as a result of a forfeiture by any department or agency of this state under this title or under federal law shall be deposited in the fund established by this section. Any monies or other property obtained as a result of a forfeiture by any political subdivision of this state or the federal government may be deposited in the fund established by this section. Monies deposited in the fund pursuant to this section or section 13-4315 shall accrue interest and shall be held for the benefit of the agency or agencies responsible for the seizure or forfeiture to the extent of their contribution. Except as provided in subsections F and G of this section the monies and interest shall be distributed within thirty days of application to the agency or agencies responsible for the seizure or forfeiture.

E. Monies in the fund may be used for the funding of gang prevention programs, substance abuse prevention programs, substance abuse education programs and witness protection pursuant to section 41-196 or for any purpose permitted by federal law relating to the disposition of any property that is transferred to a law enforcement agency. Monies in the fund may be transmitted by the attorney general on behalf of a department or agency of this state or any political subdivision of this state to the Arizona drug and gang policy council for the funding of gang prevention programs, substance abuse prevention programs and substance abuse education programs. Monies in the fund may be used for the investigation and prosecution of any offense included in the definition of racketeering in section 13-2301, subsection D, paragraph 4 or section 13-2312, including civil enforcement.

F. On or before January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15 of each year, each department or agency of this state receiving monies pursuant to this section or section 13-2314.03 or 13-4315 or from any department or agency of the United States or another state as a result of participation in any investigation or prosecution shall file with the attorney general a report for the previous calendar quarter. The report shall be in a form that is prescribed by the Arizona criminal justice commission and approved by the director of the joint legislative budget committee. The report shall set forth the sources of all monies and all expenditures. The report shall not include any identifying information about specific investigations. If a department or agency of this state fails to file a report within forty-five days after the report is due and there is no good cause as determined by the Arizona criminal justice commission, the attorney general shall make no expenditures from the fund for the benefit of the department or agency until the report is filed. The attorney general is responsible for collecting all reports from departments and agencies of this state and transmitting the reports to the Arizona criminal justice commission at the time that the report required pursuant to subsection H of this section is submitted.

G. On or before January 25, April 25, July 25 and October 25 of each year, the attorney general shall cause to be filed with the Arizona criminal justice commission a report for the previous calendar quarter. The report shall be in a form that is prescribed by the Arizona criminal justice commission and approved by the director of the joint legislative budget committee. The report shall set forth the sources of all monies and all expenditures. The report shall not include any identifying information about specific investigations. If the attorney general fails to file a report within sixty days after the report is due and there is no good cause as determined by the Arizona criminal justice commission, the attorney general shall make no expenditures from the fund for the benefit of the attorney general until the report is filed. If a political subdivision of this state fails to file a report with the county attorney pursuant to section 13-2314.03 within forty-five days after the report is due and there is no good cause as determined by the Arizona criminal justice commission, the attorney general shall make no expenditures from the fund for the benefit of the political subdivision until the report is filed.

H. On or before January 30, April 30, July 30 and October 30 of each year, the Arizona criminal justice commission shall compile the attorney general report and the reports of all departments and agencies of this state into a single comprehensive report and shall submit a copy of the report to the governor, with copies to the director of the department of administration, the president of the senate, the speaker of the house of representatives and the director of the joint legislative budget committee.
13-2316. Computer tampering; venue; forfeiture; classification
13-2316. Computer tampering; venue; forfeiture; classification

A. A person who acts without authority or who exceeds authorization of use commits computer tampering by:

1. Accessing, altering, damaging or destroying any computer, computer system or network, or any part of a computer, computer system or network, with the intent to devise or execute any scheme or artifice to defraud or deceive, or to control property or services by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations or promises.

2. Knowingly altering, damaging, deleting or destroying computer programs or data.

3. Knowingly introducing a computer contaminant into any computer, computer system or network.

4. Recklessly disrupting or causing the disruption of computer, computer system or network services or denying or causing the denial of computer or network services to any authorized user of a computer, computer system or network.

5. Recklessly using a computer, computer system or network to engage in a scheme or course of conduct that is directed at another person and that seriously alarms, torments, threatens or terrorizes the person. For the purposes of this paragraph, the conduct must both:

(a) Cause a reasonable person to suffer substantial emotional distress.

(b) Serve no legitimate purpose.

6. Preventing a computer user from exiting a site, computer system or network-connected location in order to compel the user's computer to continue communicating with, connecting to or displaying the content of the service, site or system.

7. Knowingly obtaining any information that is required by law to be kept confidential or any records that are not public records by accessing any computer, computer system or network that is operated by this state, a political subdivision of this state or a medical institution.

8. Knowingly accessing any computer, computer system or network or any computer software, program or data that is contained in a computer, computer system or network.

B. In addition to section 13-109, a prosecution for a violation of this section may be tried in any of the following counties:

1. The county in which the victimized computer, computer system or network is located.

2. The county in which the computer, computer system or network that was used in the commission of the offense is located or in which any books, records, documents, property, financial instruments, computer software, data, access devices or instruments of the offense were used.

3. The county in which any authorized user was denied service or in which an authorized user's service was interrupted.

4. The county in which critical infrastructure resources were tampered with or affected.

C. On conviction of a violation of this section, the court shall order that any computer system or instrument of communication that was owned or used exclusively by the defendant and that was used in the commission of the offense be forfeited and sold, destroyed or otherwise properly disposed.

D. A violation of subsection A, paragraph 6 of this section constitutes an unlawful practice under section 44-1522 and is in addition to all other causes of action, remedies and penalties that are available to this state. The attorney general may investigate and take appropriate action pursuant to title 44, chapter 10, article 7.

E. Computer tampering pursuant to subsection A, paragraph 1 of this section is a class 3 felony. Computer tampering pursuant to subsection A, paragraph 2, 3 or 4 of this section is a class 4 felony, unless the computer, computer system or network tampered with is a critical infrastructure resource, in which case it is a class 2 felony. Computer tampering pursuant to subsection A, paragraph 5 of this section is a class 5 felony. Computer tampering pursuant to subsection A, paragraph 7 or 8 of this section is a class 6 felony.
13-2401. Personal information on the world wide web; exception; classification; definitions
13-2401. Personal information on the world wide web; exception; classification; definitions

A. It is unlawful for a person to knowingly make available on the world wide web the personal information of a peace officer, justice, judge, commissioner, public defender or prosecutor if the dissemination of the personal information poses an imminent and serious threat to the peace officer's, justice's, judge's, commissioner's, public defender's or prosecutor's safety or the safety of that person's immediate family and the threat is reasonably apparent to the person making the information available on the world wide web to be serious and imminent.

B. It is not a violation of this section if an employee of a county recorder, county treasurer or county assessor publishes personal information, in good faith, on the web site of the county recorder, county treasurer or county assessor in the ordinary course of carrying out public functions.

C. A violation of subsection A is a class 5 felony.

D. For the purposes of this section:

1. "Commissioner" means a commissioner of the superior court.

2. "Immediate family" means a peace officer's, justice's, judge's, commissioner's, public defender's or prosecutor's spouse, child or parent and any other adult who lives in the same residence as the person.

3. "Judge" means a judge of the United States district court, the United States court of appeals, the United States magistrate court, the United States bankruptcy court, the Arizona court of appeals, the superior court or a municipal court.

4. "Justice" means a justice of the United States or Arizona supreme court or a justice of the peace.

5. "Personal information" means a peace officer's, justice's, judge's, commissioner's, public defender's or prosecutor's home address, home telephone number, pager number, personal photograph, directions to the person's home or photographs of the person's home or vehicle.

6. "Prosecutor" means a county attorney, a municipal prosecutor, the attorney general or a United States attorney and includes an assistant or deputy United States attorney, county attorney, municipal prosecutor or attorney general.

7. "Public defender" means a federal public defender, county public defender, county legal defender or county contract indigent defense counsel and includes an assistant or deputy federal public defender, county public defender or county legal defender.
13-2402. Obstructing governmental operations; classification
13-2402. Obstructing governmental operations; classification

A. A person commits obstructing governmental operations if, by using or threatening to use violence or physical force, such person knowingly obstructs, impairs or hinders:

1. The performance of a governmental function by a public servant acting under color of his official authority; or

2. The enforcement of the penal law or the preservation of the peace by a peace officer acting under color of his official authority.

B. This section does not apply to the obstruction, impairment or hinderance of the making of an arrest.

C. Obstructing governmental operations is a class 1 misdemeanor.
13-2403. Refusing to aid a peace officer; classification
13-2403. Refusing to aid a peace officer; classification

A. A person commits refusing to aid a peace officer if, upon a reasonable command by a person reasonably known to be a peace officer, such person knowingly refuses or fails to aid such peace officer in:

1. Effectuating or securing an arrest; or

2. Preventing the commission by another of any offense.

B. A person who complies with this section by aiding a peace officer shall not be held liable to any person for damages resulting therefrom, provided such person acted reasonably under the circumstances known to him at the time.

C. Refusing to aid a peace officer is a class 1 misdemeanor.
13-2404. Refusing to assist in fire control; classification
13-2404. Refusing to assist in fire control; classification

A. A person commits refusing to assist in fire control if:

1. Upon a reasonable command by a person reasonably known to be a fireman, such person knowingly refuses to aid in extinguishing a fire or in protecting property at the scene of a fire; or

2. Upon command by a person reasonably known to be a fireman or peace officer, such person knowingly disobeys an order or regulation relating to the conduct of persons in the vicinity of a fire.

B. In this section, "fireman" means any officer of the fire department, the state forester or his deputies or any other person vested by law with the duty to extinguish fires.

C. A person who complies with this section by assisting in fire control shall not be held liable to any person for damages resulting therefrom, if such person acted reasonably under the circumstances known to him at the time.

D. Refusing to assist in fire control is a class 1 misdemeanor.
13-2406. Impersonating a public servant; classification
13-2406. Impersonating a public servant; classification

A. A person commits impersonating a public servant if such person pretends to be a public servant and engages in any conduct with the intent to induce another to submit to his pretended official authority or to rely upon his pretended official acts.

B. It is no defense to a prosecution under this section that the office the person pretended to hold did not in fact exist or that the pretended office did not in fact possess the authority claimed for it.

C. Impersonating a public servant is a class 1 misdemeanor.
13-2407. Tampering with a public record; classification
13-2407. Tampering with a public record; classification

A. A person commits tampering with a public record if, with the intent to defraud or deceive, such person knowingly:

1. Makes or completes a written instrument, knowing that it has been falsely made, which purports to be a public record or true copy thereof or alters or makes a false entry in a written instrument which is a public record or a true copy of a public record; or

2. Presents or uses a written instrument which is or purports to be a public record or a copy of such public record, knowing that it has been falsely made, completed or altered or that a false entry has been made, with intent that it be taken as genuine; or

3. Records, registers or files or offers for recordation, registration or filing in a governmental office or agency a written statement which has been falsely made, completed or altered or in which a false entry has been made or which contains a false statement or false information; or

4. Destroys, mutilates, conceals, removes or otherwise impairs the availability of any public record; or

5. Refuses to deliver a public record in such person's possession upon proper request of a public servant entitled to receive such record for examination or other purposes.

B. In this section "public record" means all official books, papers, written instruments or records created, issued, received or kept by any governmental office or agency or required by law to be kept by others for the information of the government.

C. Tampering with a public record is a class 6 felony.
13-2409. Obstructing criminal investigations or prosecutions; classification
13-2409. Obstructing criminal investigations or prosecutions; classification

A person who knowingly attempts by means of bribery, misrepresentation, intimidation or force or threats of force to obstruct, delay or prevent the communication of information or testimony relating to a violation of any criminal statute to a peace officer, magistrate, prosecutor or grand jury or who knowingly injures another in his person or property on account of the giving by the latter or by any other person of any such information or testimony to a peace officer, magistrate, prosecutor or grand jury is guilty of a class 5 felony.
13-2501. Definitions; Escape and related offenses
13-2501. Definitions

In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

1. "Contraband" means any dangerous drug, narcotic drug, marijuana, intoxicating liquor of any kind, deadly weapon, dangerous instrument, explosive or other article whose use or possession would endanger the safety, security or preservation of order in a correctional facility or a juvenile secure care facility as defined by section 41-2801, or of any person within a correctional or juvenile secure care facility.

2. "Correctional facility" means any place used for the confinement or control of a person:

(a) Charged with or convicted of an offense; or

(b) Held for extradition; or

(c) Pursuant to an order of court for law enforcement purposes.

Lawful transportation or movement incident to correctional facility confinement pursuant to this paragraph is within the control of a correctional facility. However, for purposes of this chapter, being within the control of a correctional facility does not include release on parole, on community supervision, on probation or by other lawful authority upon the condition of subsequent personal appearance at a designated place and time.

3. "Custody" means the imposition of actual or constructive restraint pursuant to an on-site arrest or court order but does not include detention in a correctional facility, juvenile detention center or state hospital.

4. "Escape" means departure from custody or from a juvenile secure care facility as described in section 41-2816, a juvenile detention facility or an adult correctional facility in which a person is held or detained with knowledge that such departure is unpermitted or failure to return to custody or detention following a temporary leave granted for a specific purpose or for a limited period.
13-2502. Escape in the third degree; classification
13-2502. Escape in the third degree; classification

A. A person commits escape in the third degree if, having been arrested for, charged with or found guilty of a misdemeanor or petty offense, such person knowingly escapes or attempts to escape from custody.

B. Escape in the third degree is a class 6 felony.
13-2503. Escape in the second degree; classification
13-2503. Escape in the second degree; classification

A. A person commits escape in the second degree by knowingly:

1. Escaping or attempting to escape from a juvenile secure care facility, a juvenile detention facility or an adult correctional facility; or

2. Escaping or attempting to escape from custody imposed as a result of having been arrested for, charged with or found guilty of a felony; or

3. Escaping or attempting to escape from the Arizona state hospital if the person was committed to the hospital for treatment pursuant to section 8-291.09, 13-502, 13-3994, 13-4507, 13-4512 or 31-226, title 36, chapter 37 or rule 11 of the Arizona rules of criminal procedure.

B. Escape in the second degree pursuant to subsection A, paragraph 1 or 2 of this section is a class 5 felony, and the sentence imposed for a violation of this section shall run consecutively to any sentence of imprisonment for which the person was confined or to any term of community supervision for the sentence including probation, parole, work furlough or any other release. Escape in the second degree pursuant to subsection A, paragraph 3 of this section is a class 2 misdemeanor.
13-2504. Escape in the first degree; classification
13-2504. Escape in the first degree; classification

A. A person commits escape in the first degree by knowingly escaping or attempting to escape from custody or a juvenile secure care facility, juvenile detention facility or an adult correctional facility by:

1. Using or threatening the use of physical force against another person; or

2. Using or threatening to use a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument against another person.

B. Escape in the first degree is a class 4 felony, and the sentence imposed for a violation of this section shall run consecutively to any sentence of imprisonment for which the person was confined or to any term of community supervision for the sentence including probation, parole, work furlough or any other release.
13-2505. Promoting prison contraband; classifications; exceptions; x-radiation
13-2505. Promoting prison contraband; classifications; exceptions; x-radiation

A. A person, not otherwise authorized by law, commits promoting prison contraband:

1. By knowingly taking contraband into a correctional facility or the grounds of such facility; or

2. By knowingly conveying contraband to any person confined in a correctional facility; or

3. By knowingly making, obtaining or possessing contraband while being confined in a correctional facility or while being lawfully transported or moved incident to correctional facility confinement.

B. Any person who has reasonable grounds to believe there has been a violation or attempted violation of this section shall immediately report such violation or attempted violation to the official in charge of the facility or to a peace officer.

C. Promoting prison contraband if the contraband is a deadly weapon, dangerous instrument or explosive is a class 2 felony. Promoting prison contraband if the contraband is a dangerous drug, narcotic drug or marijuana is a class 2 felony. In all other cases promoting prison contraband is a class 5 felony. Failure to report a violation or attempted violation of this section is a class 5 felony.

D. Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, any person convicted of a violation of this section shall be prohibited from employment by this state or any of its agencies or political subdivisions until the person's civil rights have been restored pursuant to chapter 9 of this title.

E. This section does not apply to any of the following:

1. A prisoner who possesses or carries any tool, instrument or implement used by him at the direction or with the permission of prison officials.

2. Contraband located at the place where a person is on home arrest.

F. The state department of corrections may request a licensed practitioner to order that x-radiation be performed on any inmate if there is reason to believe the inmate is in possession of any contraband as defined in section 13-2501.
13-2506. Failure to appear in the second degree; classification
13-2506. Failure to appear in the second degree; classification

A. A person commits failure to appear in the second degree if, having been required by law to appear in connection with any misdemeanor or petty offense, such person knowingly fails to appear as required, regardless of the disposition of the charge requiring the appearance.

B. Failure to appear in the second degree is a class 1 misdemeanor.
13-2507. Failure to appear in the first degree; classification
13-2507. Failure to appear in the first degree; classification

A. A person commits failure to appear in the first degree if, having been required by law to appear in connection with any felony, such person knowingly fails to appear as required, regardless of the disposition of the charge requiring the appearance.

B. Failure to appear in the first degree is a class 5 felony.
13-2508. Resisting arrest; classification
13-2508. Resisting arrest; classification

A. A person commits resisting arrest by intentionally preventing or attempting to prevent a person reasonably known to him to be a peace officer, acting under color of such peace officer's official authority, from effecting an arrest by:

1. Using or threatening to use physical force against the peace officer or another; or

2. Using any other means creating a substantial risk of causing physical injury to the peace officer or another.

B. Resisting arrest is a class 6 felony.
13-2510. Hindering prosecution; definition
13-2510. Hindering prosecution; definition

For purposes of sections 13-2511 and 13-2512 a person renders assistance to another person by knowingly:

1. Harboring or concealing the other person; or

2. Warning the other person of impending discovery, apprehension, prosecution or conviction. This does not apply to a warning given in connection with an effort to bring another into compliance with the law; or

3. Providing the other person with money, transportation, a weapon, a disguise or other similar means of avoiding discovery, apprehension, prosecution or conviction; or

4. Preventing or obstructing by means of force, deception or intimidation anyone from performing an act that might aid in the discovery, apprehension, prosecution or conviction of the other person; or

5. Suppressing by an act of concealment, alteration or destruction any physical evidence that might aid in the discovery, apprehension, prosecution or conviction of the other person; or

6. Concealing the identity of the other person.
13-2511. Hindering prosecution in the second degree; classification
13-2511. Hindering prosecution in the second degree; classification

A. A person commits hindering prosecution in the second degree if, with the intent to hinder the apprehension, prosecution, conviction or punishment of another for any misdemeanor or petty offense, such person renders assistance to such person.

B. Hindering prosecution in the second degree is a class 1 misdemeanor.
13-2512. Hindering prosecution in the first degree; classification
13-2512. Hindering prosecution in the first degree; classification

A. A person commits hindering prosecution in the first degree if, with the intent to hinder the apprehension, prosecution, conviction or punishment of another for any felony, the person renders assistance to the other person.

B. Hindering prosecution in the first degree is a class 5 felony, except that hindering prosecution in the first degree where a person knows or has reason to know that it involves terrorism or murder is a class 3 felony.
13-2513. Failure to discharge duties; classification; definition
13-2513. Failure to discharge duties; classification; definition

A. A person who has custodial responsibility and who intentionally fails to discharge those duties is guilty of a class 1 misdemeanor if that failure results in any of the following:

1. The escape of a prisoner.

2. Serious physical injury to or the death of any other person or prisoner.

B. For the purposes of this section, "custodial responsibility" means having responsibility for the care, management or control of a prisoner who is committed to the state department of corrections.
13-2514. Promoting secure care facility contraband; classifications
13-2514. Promoting secure care facility contraband; classifications

A. A person, not otherwise authorized by law, commits promoting secure care facility contraband by knowingly doing any of the following:

1. Taking contraband onto the grounds of or into a secure care facility under the jurisdiction of the department of juvenile corrections.

2. Conveying contraband to any person confined in a secure care facility under the jurisdiction of the department of juvenile corrections.

3. Making, obtaining or possessing contraband while being confined in a secure care facility under the jurisdiction of the department of juvenile corrections.

B. Except for information protected under attorney client privilege, any person who has reasonable grounds to believe there has been a violation or attempted violation of this section shall immediately report the violation or attempted violation to the official in charge of the facility or to a peace officer.

C. Promoting secure care facility contraband if the contraband is a deadly weapon, dangerous instrument or explosive is a class 2 felony. Promoting secure care facility contraband if the contraband is a dangerous drug, narcotic drug or marijuana is a class 2 felony. In all other cases promoting secure care facility contraband is a class 5 felony. Failure to report a violation or attempted violation of this section is a class 5 felony.

D. Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, any person convicted of a violation of this section shall be prohibited from employment by this state or any of its agencies or political subdivisions until the person's civil rights have been restored pursuant to chapter 9 of this title.
13-2601. Definition; Bribery
13-2601. Definition

In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

1. "Employee" includes a person employed by an enterprise or an agent or fiduciary of a principal.

2. "Employer" includes an enterprise or principal.

3. "Party officer" means a person who holds any position or office in a political party, whether by election, appointment or otherwise.
13-2602. Bribery of a public servant or party officer; classification
13-2602. Bribery of a public servant or party officer; classification

A. A person commits bribery of a public servant or party officer if with corrupt intent:

1. Such person offers, confers or agrees to confer any benefit upon a public servant or party officer with the intent to influence the public servant's or party officer's vote, opinion, judgment, exercise of discretion or other action in his official capacity as a public servant or party officer; or

2. While a public servant or party officer, such person solicits, accepts or agrees to accept any benefit upon an agreement or understanding that his vote, opinion, judgment, exercise of discretion or other action as a public servant or party officer may thereby be influenced.

B. It is no defense to a prosecution under this section that a person sought to be influenced was not qualified to act in the desired way because such person had not yet assumed office, lacked jurisdiction or for any other reason.

C. Bribery of a public servant or party officer is a class 4 felony.
13-2603. Trading in public office; classification
13-2603. Trading in public office; classification

A. A person commits trading in public office if with corrupt intent:

1. Such person offers, confers or agrees to confer any benefit upon a public servant or party officer upon an agreement or understanding that he will or may be appointed to a public office or designated or nominated as a candidate for public office; or

2. While a public servant or party officer, such person solicits, accepts or agrees to accept any benefit from another upon an agreement or understanding that that person will or may be appointed to a public office or designated or nominated as a candidate for public office.

B. This section does not apply to contributions to political campaign funds or other similar political contributions made without corrupt intent.

C. Trading in public office is a class 6 felony.
13-2604. Forfeiture and disqualification from office
13-2604. Forfeiture and disqualification from office

Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 13-904 and 13-912, a person convicted of violating section 13-2602 or 13-2603 shall forever be disqualified from becoming a public servant and shall, if such person is a public servant at the time of his conviction, forfeit his office.
13-2605. Commercial bribery; classification; exception
13-2605. Commercial bribery; classification; exception

A. A person commits commercial bribery if:

1. Such person confers any benefit on an employee without the consent of such employee's employer, corruptly intending that such benefit will influence the conduct of the employee in relation to the employer's commercial affairs, and the conduct of the employee causes economic loss to the employer.

2. While an employee of an employer such employee accepts any benefit from another person, corruptly intending that such benefit will influence his conduct in relation to the employer's commercial affairs, and such conduct causes economic loss to the employer or principal.

B. Commercial bribery is a class 5 felony if the value of the benefit is more than one thousand dollars. Commercial bribery is a class 6 felony if the value of the benefit is not more than one thousand dollars but not less than one hundred dollars. Commercial bribery is a class 1 misdemeanor if the value of the benefit is less than one hundred dollars.

C. This section shall not be construed to prohibit a person from recruiting an employee of another employer unless, pursuant to an agreement between such person and the employee that such employee engage in conduct which will cause economic loss to his employer, such employee engages in conduct while an employee of his original employer and such conduct causes economic loss to the employer.
13-2701. Definitions; Purjury and related offenses
13-2701. Definitions

In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

1. "Material" means that which could have affected the course or outcome of any proceeding or transaction. Whether a statement is material in any given factual situation is a question of law.

2. "Statement" means any representation of fact and includes a representation of opinion, belief or other state of mind where the representation clearly relates to state of mind apart from or in addition to any facts which are the subject of the representation.

3. "Sworn statement" means any statement knowingly given under oath or affirmation attesting to the truth of what is stated, including a notarized statement whether or not given in connection with an official proceeding.
13-2702. Perjury; classification
13-2702. Perjury; classification

A. A person commits perjury by making either:

1. A false sworn statement in regard to a material issue, believing it to be false.

2. A false unsworn declaration, certificate, verification or statement in regard to a material issue that the person subscribes as true under penalty of perjury, believing it to be false.

B. Perjury is a class 4 felony.
13-2703. False swearing; classification
13-2703. False swearing; classification

A. A person commits false swearing by making a false sworn statement, believing it to be false.

B. False swearing is a class 6 felony.
13-2801. Definitions; INTERFERENCE WITH JUDICIAL AND OTHER PROCEEDINGS
13-2801. Definitions

In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

1. "Juror" means any person who is a member of any impaneled jury or grand jury, and includes any person who has been drawn or summoned to attend as a prospective juror.

2. "Official proceeding" means a proceeding heard before any legislative, judicial, administrative or other governmental agency or official authorized to hear evidence under oath.

3. "Physical evidence" means any article, object, document, record or other thing of physical substance.

4. "Testimony" means oral or written statements, documents or any other material that may be offered by a witness in an official proceeding.

5. "Threat" means a threat proscribed by section 13-1804, subsection A.
13-2802. Influencing a witness; classification
13-2802. Influencing a witness; classification

A. A person commits influencing a witness if such person threatens a witness or offers, confers or agrees to confer any benefit upon a witness in any official proceeding or a person he believes may be called as a witness with intent to:

1. Influence the testimony of that person; or

2. Induce that person to avoid legal process summoning him to testify; or

3. Induce that person to absent himself from any official proceeding to which he has been legally summoned.

B. Influencing a witness is a class 5 felony.
13-2804. Tampering with a witness; classification
13-2804. Tampering with a witness; classification

A. A person commits tampering with a witness if such person knowingly induces a witness in any official proceeding or a person he believes may be called as a witness to:

1. Unlawfully withhold any testimony; or

2. Testify falsely; or

3. Absent himself from any official proceeding to which he has been legally summoned.

B. Tampering with a witness is a class 6 felony.
13-2805. Influencing a juror; classification
13-2805. Influencing a juror; classification

A. A person commits influencing a juror if such person threatens a juror or offers, confers or agrees to confer a benefit upon a juror with the intent to influence the juror's vote, opinion, decision or other action as a juror.

B. Influencing a juror is a class 4 felony.
13-2807. Jury tampering; classification
13-2807. Jury tampering; classification

A. A person commits jury tampering if, with intent to influence a juror's vote, opinion, decision or other action in a case, such person directly or indirectly, communicates with a juror other than as part of the normal proceedings of the case.

B. Jury tampering is a class 6 felony.
13-2809. Tampering with physical evidence; classification
13-2809. Tampering with physical evidence; classification

A. A person commits tampering with physical evidence if, with intent that it be used, introduced, rejected or unavailable in an official proceeding which is then pending or which such person knows is about to be instituted, such person:

1. Destroys, mutilates, alters, conceals or removes physical evidence with the intent to impair its verity or availability; or

2. Knowingly makes, produces or offers any false physical evidence; or

3. Prevents the production of physical evidence by an act of force, intimidation or deception against any person.

B. Inadmissibility of the evidence in question is not a defense.

C. Tampering with physical evidence is a class 6 felony.
13-2810. Interfering with judicial proceedings; classification
13-2810. Interfering with judicial proceedings; classification

A. A person commits interfering with judicial proceedings if such person knowingly:

1. Engages in disorderly, disrespectful or insolent behavior during the session of a court which directly tends to interrupt its proceedings or impairs the respect due to its authority; or

2. Disobeys or resists the lawful order, process or other mandate of a court; or

3. Refuses to be sworn or affirmed as a witness in any court proceeding; or

4. Publishes a false or grossly inaccurate report of a court proceeding; or

5. Refuses to serve as a juror unless exempted by law; or

6. Fails inexcusably to attend a trial at which he has been chosen to serve as a juror.

B. Interfering with judicial proceedings is a class 1 misdemeanor.

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