Classification & Description of Massage Movements
Terms
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- What are the 6 classifications of Massage Movements?
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Touch
Gliding or Effleurage movements
Kneading movements
Friction
Percussion movements
Joint movements - What are the forms of Touch?
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Deep
Superficial - What are the forms of Gliding or Effleurage?
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Aura stroking
Superficial
Deep - What are the forms of Kneading?
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Kneading or petrissage
Fulling
Skin rolling - What are the forms of Friction?
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Circular friction
Transvers or cross-fiber friction
Compression
Rolling
Chucking
Wringing
Vibration
Manual
Mechanical - What are the forms of Percussion Movements?
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Hacking
Cupping
Slapping
Tapping
Beating - What are the forms of Joint Movements?
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Passive joint movement
Active joint movement
Active assistive movements
Active resistive movements - What is meant by "touching"?
- stationary contact of the practitioner's hand and the client's body
- What is "gliding"?
- Gliding the hand or forearm over some portion of the client's body with varying amounts of pressure.
- What is "kneading"?
- Lifts, squeezes, and presses to the tissues
- What is "friction"?
- refers to massage strokes in which one layer of tissue is moved over or against the other
- What is "vibration"?
- continuous trembling or shaking movement delivered by the practitioner's hand or an electrical apparatus
- What is "percussion"?
- rapid stoking motion against the skin's surface using varying amounts of force and hand positions
- What is "joint movement"?
- passive or active movement of the joints or articulations
- What is "feather stroking"?
- very light pressure of the fingertips or hands with long flowing strokes
- What is "effleurage"?
- succession of strokes applied by gliding the hand over an extended portion of the body
- What is "superficial gliding"?
- the practitioner's hand conforms to the client's body contours so light pressure is applied to the body from every part of the hand
- What is "deep gliding"?
- indicates the manipulation uses enough pressure to have a mechanical effect
- What is "circular friction"?
- movements in which the fingers or palm of the hand move the superficial tissue in a circular pattern over the deeper tissues
- What is "cross-fiber friction"?
- applied in a transverse direction across the muscle, tendon, or ligament
- What is "kneading or petrissage"?
- skin and muscular tissues are raised from their ordinary position and then squeezed, rolled, or kneaded with firm pressure (usually in a circular direction)
- What is "fulling"?
- gently lifting and spreading out tissue
- What is "skin rolling"?
- the skin and subcutaneous tissue are picked up between the thumb and fingers and rolled
- What is "compression"?
- rhythmic pressing movements directed into muscle tissue by either the hand or fingers
- What is "rolling"?
- rapid back and forth movement with the hands -- flesh is shaken and rolled around the axis of the body part
- What is "chucking"?
- the flesh is grasped firmly in one or both hands and moved up and down along the bone
- What is "aura stroking"?
- long, smooth hand strokes over the body close to but not touching the body -- effecting the energy field
- What is "wringing"?
- back and forth movement - both hands place a short distance apart on either side of the limg and working in opposing directions
- What is "shaking"?
- gently shaking a relaxed body part so the flesh flops around the bone -- allows for release of tension
- What is "jostling"?
- grasping the entire muscle, lifting it slightly away from its position, and shaking it quickly across its axis
- What is "rocking"?
- a push and release movement applied to the body in either a side to side or up and down directions
- What is "tapping or tapotement"?
- lightest, most superficial of percussion techniques --
- What are the tapotement movements?
- tapping, slapping, hacking, cupping, beating
- What is "slapping"?
- rhythmical glancing contact with the body
- What is "cupping"?
- used by respiratory therapists to help break up lung congestion -- hands held in a cup-like fashion
- What is "hacking"?
- rapid striking movements done with one or both hands -- made with the little finger on the ulnar side of the hand
- What is "beating"?
- heaviest and deepest form of percussion -- done over denser areas of body -- hands held in loose fist and contact is made with the ulnar aspect of both hands
- What are "passive joint movements"?
- stretch the fibrous tissue and move the joint through it range of motion -- client is relaxes with practitioner performing movements
- What are "active joint movements"?
- movements in which the client actively participates by contracting the muscles involved in the movement
- What is "active range of motion"?
- client moves joint or limb without any intervention from practitioner
- What is "end feel"?
- change in the quality of feeling as the end of movment is achieved
- What is "hard end feel"?
- a bone against bone feeling
- What is "soft end feel"?
- cusioned limitation where soft tissue prevents further movement (such as knee flexion)
- What is "empty end feel"?
- an abrupt restriction to a joint movement due to pain