Middle Ages
Terms
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- 6.Fief
- The estate granted to the vassal from the lord.
- 4.Feudalism
- a political and economic system of Europe from the 9th to about the 15th century, based on the holding of all land in fief or fee and the resulting relation of lord to vassal and characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and forfeiture
- 13.Canon law
- The official rules of the Church. If you did not follwo them you were excommunicated.
- 17.Benedict of Nursia
- Italian monk who created a set of rules for Western monasteries in the 6th century
- 3.Magyars
- barbarian people, perhaps Finnish in origin, who migrated into southern Europe, and in the early 10th century ad occupied Hungary, from where their horsemen raided into France, Italy, Germany, and even Spain
- 14.Interdict
- Roman Catholic Church; an ecclesiastical censure that excludes a person or district from participation in most sacraments and from Christian burial
- 27.Reconquista
- christian kingdoms in North Africa who drove muslims from Iberian Peninsula
- 8.Chivalry
- The code of conduct for knights
- 5.Vassal
- a person who held land from a feudal lord and received protection in return for homage and allegiance
- 29.Scholasticism
- the dominant western Christian theological and philosophical school of the Middle Ages, based on the authority of the Latin Fathers and of Aristotle and his commentators
- 30.Gothic Style
- type of European architecture that developed in the Middle Ages, with flying buttresses, ribbed vaulting, thin walls, and high roofs
- 28.Inquisition
- a tribunal formerly held in the Roman Catholic Church and directed at the suppression of heresy
- 9.Manor (manorialism)
- a manor was a piece of land granted by the king to a lord or other high ranking person. It contained peasents and decentralized the government.
- 31.Black Death
- an outbreak of bubonic plague that was pandemic throughout Europe and much of Asia in the 14th century
- 23.Estates General
- advice representatives of all 3 classes of french society: clergy, nobles, townspeople
- 15.Heresy
- an opinion or a doctrine at variance with established religious beliefs, especially dissension from or denial of Roman Catholic dogma by a professed believer or baptized church member
- 33.Great Schism
- a period of division in the Roman Catholic Church, 1378-1417, over papal succession, during which there were two, or sometimes three, claimants to the papal office
- 24.Holy Roman Empire
- a loosely federated European political entity that began with the papal coronation of the German king Otto I as the first emperor in 962 and lasted until Francis II's renunciation of the title at the instigation of Napoleon in 1806
- 12.Excommunicate
- When the Church expels a member never to belong to the church again.
- 1.Charlemagne
- Frankish king who conquered most of Europe and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in the year 800
- 22.Parliament
- the national legislature of various countries made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons
- 16.Friars
- a member of a usually mendicant Roman Catholic order. Kind of like monks
- 25.Investiture Controversy
- struggle between the papacy and the secular rulers of Europe over the latter's presentation of the symbols of office to churchmen
- 19.Guilds
- an association of persons of the same trade or pursuits, formed to protect mutual interests and maintain standards
- 34.Council of Constance the council in 1414
- In1418 they succeeded in ending the Great Schism in the Roman Catholic Church
- 20.Common Law
- the system of laws originated and developed in England and based on court decisions, on the doctrines implicit in those decisions, and on customs and usages rather than on codified written laws
- 26.Crusades
- beginning in the late 11th century, that were organized by Western Christians in response to centuries of Muslim wars of expansion
- 7.Oath of Fealty
- the oath sworn by the tenant to be faithful to his lord
- 18.Monasticism
- the religious practice in which one renounces worldly pursuits in order to fully devote one's life to spiritual work
- 35.Hundred Years' War
- in France in the early 1860s to describe the wars between England and France from 1337 to 1453
- 2.Vikings
- one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western Europe from the eighth through the tenth century
- 10.Serf
- a member of the lowest feudal class, attached to the land owned by a lord and required to perform labor in return for certain legal or customary rights
- 11.Papacy
- often Pope Roman Catholic Church; the bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church
- 21.Magna Carta
- document signed by King John in 1215 under pressure from his rebellious barons. It took away a lot of his abusive power.
- 32.Avignon Papacy (Babylonian Captivity)
- following a disagreement between Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip the Fair of France, a French pope, Clement V, was elected. Within four years, civil unrest in Rome and riots between rival factions drove him to take shelter with a Dominican order in Avignon