Social Studies Chapter 5 Test
Terms
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- myth
- traditional story describing gods or heroes or explaining natural events
- oracle
- sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god or goddess
- epic
- long poem that tells about legendary or heroic deeds
- drama
- story told by actors who pretend to be characters in the story
- tragedy
- form of drama in which a person struggles to overcome difficulties but meets an unhappy end
- comedy
- form of drama in which the story has a happy ending
- philosophy
- study of the nature and meaning of life; comes from the Greek word for "love of wisdom"
- philosopher
- thinker who seeks wisdom and ponders questions about life
- Sophist
- professional teacher in ancient Greece; believed that people should use knowledge to improve themselves and developed the art of public speaking and debate
- Socratic method
- way of teaching developed by Socrates that used a question-and-answer format to force students to use their reason to see things for themselves
- legacy
- what a person leaves behind when he or she dies
- Hellenistic Era
- period when the Greek language and Greek ideas spread to the non-Greek peoples of southwest Asia
- Epicureanism
- philosophy founded by Epicurus in Hellenistic Athens; taught that happiness through the pursuit of pleasure was the goal of life
- Stoicism
- philosophy founded by Zeno in Hellenistic Athens; taught that happiness came not from following emotions, but from following reason and doing one's duty
- astronomer
- person who studies stars, planets, and other heavenly bodies
- Mount Olympus
- the highest mountain in Greece; according to Greek mythology, the home of the 12 most important Greek gods and goddesses
- Delphi
- ancient Greek city and the site of the oracle at the Temple of Apollo
- Homer
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Greek poet and author of the epics the Iliad and the Odyssey
stories based on courage, honor, and loyalty
may have been blind - Aesop
- a Greek slave known for his famous fables, which he composed about 550 B.C.
- Sophocles
- a Greek general and well-known writer of tragedies; he introduced three actors in his stories and placed painted scenes behind the stage as a backdrop to the action; his most famous plays are Oedipus Rex and Antigone
- Euripides
- A Greek playwright know for his tragedies in which he questioned traditional thinking, especially about war
- Pythagoras
- Greek philosopher and mathematician famous for his Pythagorean theorum in geometry; he believed that all relationships in the world could be expressed in numbers
- Socrates
- An Athenian sculptor and philosopher who was a critic of the Sophists; he believed in an absolute right and wrong and created the Socratic method of teaching through questioning
- Plato
- a student of Socrates, he wrote the Republic in which he describes his ideal government; he believed in equal education and job opportunities for men and women; he also established a school in Athens known as the Academy
- Aristotle
- a student of Plato, he opened his own school called the Lyceum; he taught his students the golden mean, which says that a person should do nothing in excess; he encouraged scientific observation and wrote about government
- Herodotus
- considered the "father of history", he wrote the history of the Persian Wars; he asked questions, recorded answers, and checked the truthfulness of his sources; he tried to separate fact from legend
- Thucydides
- considered the greatest historian of the ancient world, he wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War; he is known for reporting accurate facts
- Macedonia
- a powerful kingdom that lay north of Greece; it was ruled by Philip II in 359 B.C.
- Chaeronea
- a battle in which the Macedonians defeated the Greek army near Thebes in 338 B.C.; after this battle Phillip II controlled all of Greece
- Syria
- a region in ancient times that was located on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea and was conquered by Alexander the Great; today this area consists of the countries of Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan
- Theocritus
- poet during the Hellenistic Era who wrote short poems about the beauty of nature
- Aristarchus
- an astronomer who claimed that the sun was the center of the universe at a time when other astronomers thought that the Earth was the center of the universe
- Eratosthenes
- an astronomer in charge of the library at Alexandria; he concluded that the Earth was round and measured the circumference of the Earth and distance to the sun and moon using his knowledge of geometry and astronomy
- Euclid
- the most famous Greek mathematician and author of the book Elements, which describes plane geometry
- Archimedes
- a Greek scientist of the Hellenistic Era who worked on solid geometry, that is the study of spheres and cylinders; he figured out the value of pi, the number used to measure the area of circles, and he invented catapults, machines that hurled arrows
- Who is Zeus
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He is king of the gods and God of the sky. God of rain and lighting.
Symbol-oak tree and eagle
Weapon- thunder bolt and lighting
Powers- punishing crime, and protecting faithful worshippers - Who is Athena
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She is the goddess of wisdom and all intellectual activities
Symbol- owl and olive tree
Weapon- lance and shield
Powers- giving men wisdom and protecting Athens - Who is Hera
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She is the goddess of women and motherhood. Queen of all gods.
Symbol- None
Warpon- prophesy and trickery
Powers- commanding the winds and watching over women and mothers - Who is Demeter
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Goddess of the harvest
Symbol- None
Weapon- None
Powers- controlling all harvests - Who is Aphrodite
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Goddess of love and beauty
Symbol- Dove, apple,myrtle, and rose
Weapon- None
Powers- making both gods and mortals fall in love with whomever she chooses - Who is Artemis
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Goddess of the moon and the hunt
Symbol- lion, bear, wolf, and many wild birds
Weapon- bow and arrow
Powers- protecting cities, wild animals, and women
Twin of Apollo - Who is Ares
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God of war
Symbol- spear and flaming torch
Warpon- spearPowers- waging war - Who is Hermes
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Messenger of gods, also, god of dreams, commerce, treaties, travelers, inventions, science, arts,and oratory
Symbol- the #4
Weapon- None ( he carries a messenger's staff with a white ribbon that marked him as neutral in any conflict)
Powers- traveling anywhere instantly - Who is Apollo
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God of sun, medicine, music, poetry, dance mathematics, herdsmen, and prophecy
Symbol- Laurel tree and the number 7
Weapon- bow and arrow
Powers- making the sun rise, promoting learning, and healing people
Twin of Artemis - Who is Hestia
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Goddess of hearth and marriage
Symbol- None
Weapon- None
Powers- protectibng all orphan and homeless children and watching over the home - Who were the Titans
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Powers- controlling the sea, sun, moon, harvesta, justice, planets,and memories
6 brothers and 5 sisters - Who is Hephaestus
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God if blacksmiths and craftsmen
Symbol- blacksmith's hammers and armor of the gods
Weapon- None but made the gods their armor
Powers- creating magical, useful, and beautiful objects - Who is Poseidon
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God of the seas and navigation
Symbol- pine tree and horse
Weapon- trident(can cause storms, floods, and earthquakes, eprings to flow and rivers to dry up)
Powers- causing and calming earthquakes, storms, and other natural disasters - Who is Dionysus
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God of wine and parties
Symbol- grapes, ivy and rose
Weapon- None
Powers- bringing great joy and productivty or misery and destruction to mortals - Who is Hades
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God of the underworld and King of the dead
Symbol- None
Weapon- cap of invisibility
Powers-bringing about death and ruling the Underworld - What is the Socratic Method?
- question everything
- How did Plato feel about democracy?
- only the wise should work
- What was Aristotle's ideal form of govenment?
- oligarchy/deocracy
- Who is the "Father of History"?
- Herodotus
- Decribe the main difference Herodotus and Thucydides
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T~ history was caused by people
H~ incorperated by gods - Decribe the Ilaid
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the prince of Troy (Paris), kidnaps tehe wife (Helen) of the king of Sparta
The Greek city-states unite and attack Troy - Who is Achilles?
- most famous Greek soldier
- Who is Hector?
- most famous Trojan soldier and the Prince of Troy
- The 3 types of columns
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Doric~ plain looking
Ionic~ curvy looking
Cirinthian~ fancy looking - "Golden Mean"
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A balance
B harmany
C moderation - Decribe the Odyssey
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Tells the story if Odysseus
~ decribes his journey homefrom Troy
~ encounters storms, witches, giants,monsters, etc. - How long did the Trojan War last?
- 10 years
- Decribe the war
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~Greeks sneak into a wooden horse as a "peace offering" and then the Greeks capture Troy
~ "What started with anapple, ended with a horse". - Who was Philp the 2nd?
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king of Macedonia(N of Greece)
~wanted to conquer Persia
~ needed to expand his army/land
~ needed to unite Greece/Macedonia
~ He conquers Greece at the Battle of Chaeronea - What is the Hellenistic Era???
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~ due to Alexander's conquests, Greek ideas & culture spread to non-Greek areas
"like the Greeks" - Alexander the Great (decribe him and his duties)
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1- takes over after father is murdered
2- wants to fulfill father's dreams if conquering Persia
3- Major conquests of Persia
4- plans to invade S. Arabia but becomes ill anddies
Extend into India & Pakistan - Empire falls... name the 4 thing that happened
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Generals fight for power after his death
divide into
*Egypt
*Macedonia
*Pergamum
*Selucid - Random Fact you need to know
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A- philos, poets, scientists, etc., moved to new Greek cities during Hellenistic Era
Example- Alexandria
1- hired Greek architects to duplicate Greekcities - Apollonius- Arganautica
- most stories were about love and relationships
- Where do most of the Gods live?
- Mt. Olympus
- Oedipus Rey
- tragic taleof man who marries his mother and kills his dad