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Terms
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- Ephors
- a group of 5 officials that helped govern Sparta with the Concil of Elders
- Delian League
- Pact joined in by Athenians and other Greeks to continue the war with Persia
- Aristotle
- one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers
- Herodotus
- the ancient Greek known as the father of history
- Persian Wars
- Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. (131)
- Peloponnesian Wars
- Series of wars between Athens and Sparta
- Pisistratus
- tyrant after Solon, fixed the fall of Solons endeavors
- Archon
- Oversaw performances at City Dionysia
- Aristocracy
- a privileged class holding hereditary titles
- Helots
- Slaves to the Spartans that revolted and nearly destroyed Sparta in 650 B.C.E.
- Dorian Invasions
- Cerca 1100 BCE-900 BCE: The invasion of the Dorian civilization into Mycenaean territory. Once the Mycenaean nation ended ,the Greek culture took a step back; skills, such as writing, were forgotten.
- Phalanx
- a body of troops in close array
- Thucydides
- ancient Greek historian remembered for his history of the Peloponnesian War (460-395 BC)
- Hoplite
- a heavily armed Greek foot soldier
- Sparta
- an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess
- Homer
- ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)
- Hellenic Culture
- the specific artifacts of the ancients as well as the ideas and ideals of democracy, beauty and balance.
- Pericles
- Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece
- Monarchy
- an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority
- Ostracism
- the act of excluding someone from society by general consent
- Tyranny
- a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
- Alexander the Great
- successor of Philip of Macedon; 1st global empire, but no lasting bureaucracy; spread of Hellenism is greatest achievement
- Solon
- a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs
- Acropolis
- the citadel in ancient Greek towns
- Socrates
- ancient Athenian philosopher
- Democracy
- the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group
- Plato
- ancient Athenian philosopher
- Oligarchy
- a political system governed by a few people
- Mycenaeans
- PEOPLE: A group of people that were warlike and measured wealth by the number of weapons they owned.
- Minoans
- a culture that lived in Greece between 3000 B.C. and 1400 B.C.
- Cleisthenes
- Athenians reformer of the late 6th century B.C.; established democratic Council of 500 in Athens
- Polis (city-state)
- a Greek city-state, or a body of citizens
- Hellenistic Age
- Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until spread of islam. (137)
- Athens
- the capital and largest city of Greece