VSI - Politics
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- How did Europe come into being?
- Waves of migration by tribes pushed westward
- What are the elements from which the civilization of the High Middle Ages was constructed
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1) love of freedom by barbarians
2) civil order being established by agreements b/n a set of magnates who controlled their tenants (feudalism)
3) Religion, namely, Christianity - What divided the realm of Charlemagne into three parts (France, Germany, 3rd kingdom)
- Treaty of Verdun in 843
- What are the essential categories of political study
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1) reality
2) illusion - What were philosophies responses to despotism of the Greeks and Romans
- Stoicism and Christianity
- What are instances of despotism infringing through military conquest in Europe
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1) City states of Ancient Greece (Alex the Great)
2) Roman Empire
3) Christianity/Barbarian Kingdoms - Why did Greeks disdain despotism
- No differentiation b/n rel'n amongst slaves and masters
- Who was the caliph of Baghdad who kidnapped Scheherazade
- Harun Al Raschid
- Who did the Isrealites ask for a king to judge them and lead
- The prophet Samuel in 11th century
- What signs can indicate the politics beneath the surface level
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1) distinction b/n private and public life
2) Political rhetoric - How is western politics distinguished from other forms of social order
- Resolving of conflict through free discussion not simply knowing one's own place
- On what did Rome's fame largely rest
- Moral strength, bribary as a capital offense, for example
- What was the greatest disaster in the hx of the Roman senate
- The defeat of Cannae by Hannibal the Carthaginian in 218 BC
- How did Polybius explain Rome's success
- 1/3 monarchical, aristicratical, and democratic
- What was the most distinctie contribution of Romans to politics
- auctoritas: junction of politics with Roman religion
- What two words did Romans use to distinguish "power"
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1) potentia (physical)
2) potestas (legal right) - When was Rome ruled by kings
- 753 BC (Romulus) to 509 BC (Tarquin the Proud expelled by Junius Brutus for rape of Lucretia)
- From where does the political vocabulary of western civ derivate
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1) political vocabulary of the greeks (policy and politics)
2) civic vocabulary of Romans (civility, citizen, civilization) - How does persuision differ from command
- assumes equality b/n speaker and listener
- What is the only appropriate rel'n b/n rational beings
- persuasion
- Although greeks may have been tyrants or usurpers, what were they not
- Despots
- Why was citizenship conferred only to men
- differing degrees of perceived innate rationality
- Who are the factions in the IIIrd book of Thucidides Pelopennesion War
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Cleon (realism)
Diodotus (rationalism) - What was the Oikos, besides the basis for economics
- system of orderly subordination: male to female, parent to child, master to slave
- What false premise did the greeks base their politics
- everyting in the world was the result of deliberate design
- What semi-divinities founded Sparta and Athens
- Lycurgus and Theseus
- What is the most famous case of someone restoring a politcal design
- Solon at Athens in the 6th century BC
- What two features of Solon's reforms illustrate essential features of greek politics
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1) basing politics on territorial units that mixed up clans or tribal loyalties
2) left athens for 10 yrs so constitution could be operated by others (Separation of power) - Strictly speaking, what is the key to politics
- a nexus of abstract offices to which duties are attached
- Despotism depends on _____; politics, on________
- Personality and positions
- What is the set of offices by which a polis is governed and the laws specifying their relation
- The constitution
- how do constitutions work
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1) circumscribe the power of the office holders
2) create predictable world in which citizens conduct their lives - what has led to the emergence of political science
- constitutions giving form to politics
- what was the main division during the classical period of greek politics
- b/n oligarchal states (favoring the rich/powerful) and democracies (responding to the interests of the poor)
- what was the most powerful tool used in greek poly sci
- theory of recurrent cycles
- what was polybius' theory of PS
- M d T o A d O o D d M
- who said knowledge is power
- Francis Bacon
- What is the theory of the balanced constitution
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1) gov't has several fx that can be parceled out amongst offices/assemblies
2) this distribution may balance the interests of rich and poor - what was the equipose of the english constitution
- monarch, commons, lords
- what did aristotle believe was the mech of political change
- revolutions
- what is the political ideal "left behind" by the greeks
- the account of athens put in the mouth of pericles by thucidides