history exam

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vocab for history exam

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kingdom of Mali: A kingdom started by a boy named Sundiasta after the Ghana kingdom. Mali means where the king dwells. The kingdoms greatest ruler was Mansa Musa.
triangular trade: It went from the shippers from England, to Ghana on the gold coast, they would take the slaves to the Indies (Florida). The left over slaves would go back to England and then the triangle would start all over again. It took three months to complete the trip and went on 300 years.
Sikhism: - A religion created by a man by the name of Nanak. It is a blend of Islamic and Hindu beliefs and later created military forces which clashed with the Mughal rulers of empire.
nirvana: A Belief by Buddhists that is the final goal and a union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth
Sumerians: - The people who lived in southeast Mesopotamia in around 3300 BC. The Sumerians built their buildings with clay and water because they did not have timber or stone.
Atman: : the Hindu belief that every person has an essential self. Some view it as a form of Brahman and some view it as the same. We know it as your soul.
Axum: Was located southeast of Nubia and it extended from the mountain of Ethiopia to the shores of the Red Sea in Eritrea. These people were descended from farmers and people from the Middle East.
Muslim: - A religion that emerged in the Arabian Peninsula is Southwestern Asia. The Islam religion was created by Muhammad. He was sent an Angel Gabriel by God.
Buddha: A religion created by Siddhartha Guatama, later know as Buddha. They focus on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. Their final goal is nirvana or a union with the universe and release from the cycle.
Bedouins: Nomadic herders that moved through the desert to reach seasonal pasturelands for their camels, goats, and sheep in 500 AD.
eightfold path: , The right views, right aspirations, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right contemplation.
Abu Bakr: The father in law of Muhammad and he was an early convert to Islam. The Muslim religion declared that he should be the first caliph.
Mauryan Empire: - An empire with great schools and libraries as well as splendid palaces and temples. The capital was pataliptra and the city had a wall around it with 530 towers and 64 gates.
Asoka: The grandson who fought a long and hard war to conquer the Deccan region of Kalinga. He converted to Buddhism and rejected violence and lead by moral example
Zoroastriansim: - A religion created by Zoroaster which helped unite the umper in 600 BC. He rejected old Persian gods and taught that a single wise god, Ahura Mazda, ruled the world. He was in constant battle with the prince of lies and evil, Ahriman.
Asante Kingdom: emerged in the area of Ghana in the late 1700's. It was very active in slave trade. Slaves were traded for sugar, sorghum, and sugar cane.
timbuktu: An Islamic University built by Mansa Musa during the Kingdom of Mali. This movement of wealth attracted students from far and wide.
Kingdom of Sonhai: The kingdom that took over after the Mali empire in 1464. I developed along the Niger River. Sonni Ali built the largest state that had ever existed in West Africa. He brought trade routes and wealthy cities like Timbuktu under his control. He did not accept the religion of Islam instead followed traditional religious beliefs.
Sundiata: The founder of the kingdom of Mali in 1235. He was regarded as a sick boy that was too weak to be a threat but he crushed his enemies and won the power of the gold trade routes
Indus River Valley Civilization: A civilization that was started at around 2600 BC and flourished for 700 years in the south of the Himalayas. The capitols were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Most of the people were farmers and they had well planned cities.
Shaj Jahan: Akbar's grandson who had the Taj Mahal built and created the highpoint of the Mughal empire.
Mughal Empire: An empire that ruled most of northern India, from the mid 1500's to the mid 1700's. They were known as the Mongol Empire.
Moksha: A Hindu belief that the main goal of existence is achieving a union with Brahman.
Ahimsa: This is one of the key Hindu moral values what we call nonviolence. All of things are part of one and all things deserve respect like animism.
Allah: The Muslim name for God
mansa musa: was the greatest ruler of the kingdom of Mali. He came to throne in about 1312 and expanded Mali's borders westward to the Pacific Ocean. He ruled for twenty five years and tried to work for peace and order in his empire.
umma: the communities of Muslim. Loyalty to the this was based on Islam instead of old family rivalries.
Muhammad: He was born in the town of Mecca in around 570 AD. God sent an angel named Gabriel to call him to be the messenger of God. He devoted his life to spreading Islam and made a hijra from Mecca to Yathrib.
Chandragupta: In 321 BC this young adventurer created the first Indian Empire with good schools, libraries, and splendid temples and palaces.
Cuneiform: The style of writing that the Sumerians invented in 3200 BC. The scribes wrote by making wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets.
Phoenicians: They gained fame as both sailors and traders. They occupied a string of cities along the eastern coast in Mesopotamia.
Gupta Empire: A Indian empire that lasted from 320-540 AD, about five hundred years after the Mauryan Empire. Under this empire India reached their golden age. The power was left to the hands of the individual villages.
Vedas: The period of time from 1500 BC to 500 BC. The Aryan priests memorized and performed the Vedas.
kaaba: The temple that people believed that Abraham had built to worship the one true God. It is dedicated to Allah and became to most holy place in Islam.
Persian Empire: It was created 539 BC after the fall of Babylon. The Persians went on to control Turkey, Iran, Egypt, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. They were tolerant of the people that they conquered
Brahman: A Hindu belief that is higher than God and exists in every thing and all things like the collected universe. It is not in a place like a heaven it is the universe.
Sufis: Muslim mystics who sought communion with God through with God through meditation.
Jainism: A religion that was started at around 500 BC and grew out of Hindu traditions. It does not believe that priests can perform certain sacred rites and they practice meditation and self denial.
hijra: The journey that Muhammad made from Mecca to Yathrib which is renamed as Medina. It was to escape persecution in the year 622. The Muslims consider this to be the first year of their calendar.
Sunni: that believe that inspiration comes from the example of Muhammad as recorded by his early followers
Akbar: The grandson of Babur who reigned from 1556 to 1605. He established a strong central government
Rig vedas: A collection of hymns, chants, ritual instructions, and other religious teachings created by the Aryans. The Aryan priests memorized and recited them for thousands of years before they were ever written down.
Zimbabwe: This word comes from the Bantu and means stone houses. It was built by a succession of Bantu speaking peoples who settled in the region between 900 and 1300. These people brought iron, mining methods, and improved farming methods to the region along with cattle. These people build stone enclosures to protect their live stock.
Sidharta Guatama: - He was born into a royal family and his parents did not want him to see sickness, dying, or evil. One day he saw an old man dying so he decided to set out and discover the realm of life where there is neither suffering nor death. He fasted and meditated under a large tree and fought off the devils. After this he believed he now knew the cause and cures for suffering and sorrow.
Mesoptamia: The area of land between the Tigris and Euphrates River. It means between the rivers. It means between the rivers and is located in today Turkey and Iraq.
Hammarabis code: A set of laws that were created by Hammurabi, who the king of Babylon. It was the first set of laws in writing and the laws would govern all of his state. He addressed issues such as criminal law, private rights, taxes, marriage, divorce. His laws were designed to protect the powerless, and allowed a women to own property.
Vardhamana Mahavira: The founder of Jainism, which grew out of the Hindu Religion. The main difference between them is that Jainists belief that priests can not alone perform a certain sacred rites and believe more in mediataion.
Shiite: - A group of Muslims that felt Muhammad had a designated son in law, Ali, to be his successor
Dharma: The religious and moral duties of an individual in the Hindu Religion. Your responsibilities for life that everyone has and your moral compass.
Ayran: A group of people who migrated from Europe to India. They built no cities and most of what we know about them comes from the Vedas.
hinduism: : Hinduism has no single leader and no single sacred text. It was started from the Vedas and from the Ayrans.
Samsara: A Hindu belief of the endless series of births, deaths, and rebirths to which we all belong to
Harappa and Mohenjo Daro: : The two capitols in the Indus Civilization. They had well planned wide streets and were both about three miles in circumference.

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