Roman Republic Test Review
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- What was the Struggle of Orders?
- attempt by plebeians to increase their power increase their political power that led to the creation of Tribunes and the Twelve Tables
- What is the name of the mountain chain in northern Italy?
- Alps
- Describe Italy's location
- centrally located in the Mediterranean basin allowing trade and conquest
- Who were the patricians?
- powerful nobility of Rome
- What were the responsibilities of Roman citizenship?
- pay taxes and serve in the military
- Describe Rome's republic.
- representative democracy; consuls possessed the power to veto; assemblies and senate proposed laws
- Who fought in the Punic Wars?
- Rome and Carthage
- What were the effects of the Punic Wars?
- destruction of Carthage; Roman trade expanded; increased wealth; gap between patricians and plebeians; increased slavery; unemployment; latifundias
- Where is Gaul?
- modern-day France
- Where is Carthage?
- northern Africa
- What were the laws of Rome's republic?
- Twelve Tables
- What right did the Twelve Tables ensure?
- all people were equal before law; innocent until proven guilty
- Which civilization colonized Carthage?
- Phoenicia
- Who was the Carthaginian general who attacked Rome?
- Hannibal
- Who made up the First Triumvirate?
- Caesar, Pompey, Crassus
- Who was Scipio?
- Roman general who defeated Carthage
- What were the Tribunes?
- representatives of the plebeians who posssessed the power to veto
- What were the two main classes of Roman society?
- patricians and plebeians
- Before being a republic, what type of government did Rome have?
- Etruscan king/monarchy
- What powers did consuls have?
- executives who could veto, ran the day-to-day affairs of government, led army
- Why was Caesar killed?
- he became too powerful
- Who killed Caesar?
- the senators (Brutus and Cassius)
- What happened to Rome following the assassination of Caesar?
- Civil War; Octavian emereged as emperor
- What was the purpose of Caesar's reforms?
- to increase his power; give more power to plebeians
- Who were the plebeians?
- commoners
- List 3 facts about Caesar?
- he was a great general, he was liked by the plebeians, he took the title dictator for life, he was killed by senators who felt he was attempting to become king
- What were the results of the Pax Romana?
- uniform system of money, uniform code of laws, travel and trade increased, stressed family values
- Who attempted to improve the governing of Rome by dividing the Empire?
- Diocletian
- What language did Romans speak?
- Latin
- Why was the language of Rome very important?
- it formed the basis for our Romance languages of today
- What was the Colosseum?
- stadium for gladiatorial combat
- As Christianity developed, who assumed the leadership of the Catholic Church?
- pope/Bishop of Rome
- Why did many Romans oppose Christianity?
- it went against their polytheistic beliefs, they blamed Christians for plagues and famines, it was a threat to the emperor's power
- The first emperor of Rome took this title
- Augustus
- The writings of Jesus' followers are collected in this book?
- New Testament
- What happened to trade during the Pax Romana?
- increased
- What is a civil service?
- long-term government employees who are chosen based on their training and skills
- Who wrote the Aenied?
- Virgil
- What was the purpose of Virgil's Aenied?
- promote traditional Roman values
- Why did the Roman Empire experience inflation?
- increased territorial spending and military spending
- What is the Pax Romana?
- 200 year period of peace and prosperity
- The roots for Christianity are found in which religion?
- Judaism
- Who was the Christian messiah?
- Jesus
- Where do the name for our planets come from?
- Roman gods
- Which Roman emperor legalized Christianity?
- Constantine
- Who was the apostle responsible for spreading Christianity throughout the Roman Empire?
- Paul
- Who moved Rome's capital to Byzantium?
- Constantine
- Who did Augustus defeat to become emperor?
- Marc Antony
- During the Pax Romana what happened to the Rome's territory?
- increased slightly
- Who was Rome's first emperor?
- Augustus
- Which emperor began the Pax Romana?
- Augustus
- What event(s) marked the end of the Roman Republic?
- Caesar's assassination and the civil war that followed