Extra Credit
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- Chavin
- An early Andes civilization, which originated around 2500 B.C.E. It reached its height with the emergence of the Chavin style, named after a location in the central mountain of modern Peru, Chavin de Huantar, in the first millennium B.C.E. This site contained an impressive stone temple, along with a system of underground canals.
- Yucatan
- The peninsula many began to migrate to because of the population growth. It was known for its cacao trees.
- Moche
- This civilization stretched out over about 2500 square miles in northern Peru. The capital city of about ten thousand people contains two hundred feet tall giant pyramids. Numerous artifacts, greatly consisting of heavenly symbols, show a high level of craftsmanship and a fascination with the heavens.
- Teotihuacan
- First major metropolis in Mesoamerica. It was the capital of an early kingdom. Located here us the Pyramid of the Sun. 3rd century B.C.E. to around 800 C.E.
- Copan
- Mayan city-state. There were many powerful leaders of these city-states, such as a powerful ruler of this city-state known as "18 Rabbit" from hieroglyphics. He ordered that the grand palace be built, which required at least 30,000 workers.
- Anasazi
- Created a system of roads that called for a major trade of technology and products throughout the area. They were able to expand their crops after mastering the art of irrigation by the ninth century.
- Olmec
- First millennium B.C.E. Most well known for their agriculture along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and their stone carvings. Societry consisted of several classes. They spread their religious views and writing system throughout the region through their newly developed trading system. Collapsed in the fourth century B.C.E.
- Hopewell
- Located in Ohio, the people of this culture manufactured and traded items that would support them economically.
- Maya
- First inhabited the Yucatan peninsula, where they cultivated crops such as yams and corn, until population increased, and civilization began to emerge in modern Guatemala. They used the cocao trees for means of currency, drink, and food. The Mayan civilization followed a polytheistic path. Their supreme god was named Itzamna.
- Cahokia
- This town, located in current day East Saint Lous, Illiois, was surrounded by a wooden stockade and contained a burial mound of more than 98 feet high. The city declined in the thirteen century C.E. with a population of over twenty thousand, making it the largest in North America.
- Tikal
- Middle of the first millennium. Contained around 100,000 inhabitants at its height. It was known as one of the most important Mayan city-states.