Mr. T History test 8-9
Terms
undefined, object
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- Frontier
- A sparsley populated, undeveloped area on the outskirts of a civilization.
- Feudalism
- Loosley organised system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords, or vassals.
- Feudal contract
- An exchange of pledges between lords and vassals.
- Fief
- an estate.
- Knight
- a mounted warrior.
- Tournament
- As feudal warfare decreased in the 1100's, tournaments were mock battles came into fashion.
- Chivalry
- A code of conduct adopted by knights in the Middle ages. It required knights who were brave, loyal, and true to their word.
- Troubadours
- Wandering poets who adopted the view that women be protected and cherished.
- Manor
- The heart of the medieval economy, it was the lord's estate.
- Serfs
- Most peasants on a manor who were bound to the land.
- Sacraments
- Sacred rights of the church.
- Tithe
- A tax equal to one tenth of the people's income. The church required the christians to pay it to support parishes.
- Secular
-
worldly.
Rome became the most powerful *secular* force in Medieval Europe. - "papal supremacy"
- Authority over all secular rulers.
- cannon law
- Medieval Church's own body of laws.
- What was exocommunication and what happened tho people who were "exocommunicated"?
-
The most severe penalty for those who disobeyed Church law.
People who were exocommunicated could not recieve sacrements or a Christian burial. - interdict
- An order excluding an entire town, region, or kingdom from recieving most sacrements and Christian burial.
- What is simony? Who outlawed it and when?
-
The selling of Church offices.
In 1073 Pope Gregory VII outlawed marraige for priests and simony. - friars
- Monks who did not live in isolated monastaries but traveled around Europe's growing towns preaching to the poor.
- antisemitism
- Prejudice against Jews.
- charter
- A written document that set out the rights and privileges of the town.
- capital
- Money for investment
- partnership
- Merchants joined together in an organization.
- the bill of exchange?
- The most important practice adopted from Middle Eastern merchants. A money exchange so that merchants did not have to carry around gold coins that could easily be stolen.
- What were tenant farmers and about what time were they most popular?
- Most peasants in western Europe in 1300 who paid rent for their land or hired farm laborers.
- What was the middle class and when did it appear?
- Included merchants, traders, and artisans in about 1000.
- usury
- Lending money at interest.
- guilds
- In the middle ages, association of merchant or artisans who cooperated to pritect their economic interests.
- apprentice
- At about the age of seven, someone who is in train to be a guild master.
- journeymen
- Salaried workers.
- exchequer
- A treasury that collected taxes.
- law
- A legal system based on custom and court rulings.
- jury
- A group of men sworn to speak the truth.
- lay investiture
- The emperor or another person who is not a member of the clergy presented bishops with the ring and staff that symbolized their office.
- Annul
- invalidate
- Crusade
- holy war
- Schism
- split
- Levy
- collect
- Religious toleration
- policy of allowing people to worship as they choose
- Scholasticism
- Scholars used this method to resolve the conflict between faith and reason.
- Vernacular
- everyday languages of ordinary people
- Epics
- long narrative poems
- Flying buttresses
- stone supports that stood outside the church
- Illumination
- The artistic decoration of books
- Epidemic
- outbreak of rapid spreading disease
- inflation
- rising prices