Civics Today Unit 7
Terms
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- Equal Justice under the law
- Every person is equal under the law, and therefore is given the same treatment for the same crime
- Article III
- Deals with the Judicial Branch
- Judiciary Act of 1789
- Established federal district courts and circuit courts of appeals
- Jurisdiction
- A court's authority to hear and decide cases
- Exclusive jurisdiction
- Authority of only federal courts to hear and decide cases
- Concurrent jurisdiction
- Authority for both state and federal courts to hear and decide cases
- US District courts~
- Federal courts where trials are held and lawsuits are begun
- Original Jurisdiction
- The authority to hear cases for the first time
- US Courts of Appeals
- Judges, no jury, Appellate jurisdiction, 2nd highest court in the US
- Appeals courts
- A court that reviews decisions made in lower district courts
- Appellate jurisdiction
- The authority of a court to hear a case appealed from a lower court
- Circuit
- The area of jurisdiction of a federal court of appeals
- Remand
- To send a case back to a lower court to be tried again
- Opinion
- A detailed explanation of the legal thinking behind a court's decision in a case
- Precedent
- A ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case
- Magistrates
- Pre-grand jury
- US Attorneys
- People who work for the federal government as prosecutors in criminal cases and defense attorneys for civil suits
- US Marshals
- Law enforcement of each federal judicial district. Their job includes: Delivering subpoenas, Tracking down fugitives, and protecting judges and court officials
- Subpoena
- A writ requiring appearance in court to give testimony.
- Constitutional
- In accordance with the Constitution
- Judicial Review
- The power of the Supreme Court to say whether any federal, state, or local law or government action goes against the Constitution
- Docket
- A court's calendar, showing the schedual of cases it is to hear
- Brief
- A written document explaining the position of one side or the other in a case
- Majority Opinion
- A statement that presents the views of the majority of Supreme Court justices regarding a case
- Dissenting opinion
- A statement written by by a justice who disagrees with the majority opinion, presenting his or her opinion
- Concurring opinion
- A statement written by a justice who votes with the majority, but for different reasons
- Stare decisis
- The practice of using earlier judicial rulings as a basis for deciding cases