CCDA Study Set
Terms
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- Shared Ethernet Segments are saturated
- 40 % network utilization
- WAN Links are saturated
- 70 % network utilization
- Good response time is?
- Less than 100ms
- Acceptable segment broadcasts and multicasts
- 20%
- Collisions on Ethernet Segments
- less 0.1% of the packets
- Router Utilization
- 5 min CPU utilization less than 75%
- Output Queue drops
- not exceeded 100 in an hour
- input Queue drops
- not exceeded 50 in an hour
- buffer misses
- not exceeded 25 in an hour
- ignored packets
- has not exceeded 10 in an hour on any interface
- Design Methodology Steps
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Identify the requirements
Characterize the existing network
Design the topology and network solutions
Plan the implementation
Build a pilot or prototype network
document the design
implement and verify the design
Monitor and optionally redesign - PDIOO Process
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Plan
Design
Implement
Operation
Optimization
Retirement - OSI Stack
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Physical
Data Link
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application - Hierarchical Design
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Access
Distribution
Core - Enterprise Composite Network Model
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Enterprise Campus
Enterprise Edge
Service Provider Edge - Enterprise Campus Modules
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Campus Infrastructure (access, distribution, Backbone/Core)
Network Management
Server Farm
Edge Distribution - Network Management
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OTP (one time password) Server
Access Control Server
Network Monitoring
IDS Director
Syslog
System Admin - Server Farm
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DNS, Email, Application, File and print
Call Mnager
Content Networking - Enterprise Edge functional Area
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E-Commerce
Internet connectivity module
Remote Access and VPN
WAN - e-Commerce Module
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Web servers
Application
Database
Firewall
NIDS
Multilayer switch wth IDS - Internet Connectivity
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SMTP Mail servers
DNS Servers
Public servers - FTP, HTTP - RemoteAccess and VPN
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Dial in Access
VPN
Firewalls
L2 Switches
NIDS Appliances - WAN
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FR, ATM, SONET, DSL
QoS - SP Edge
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SP
PSTN
Frame Relay/ATM - classful routing
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flat no areas
not scalable
RIPv1, IGRP - Classless routing
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Hierarchical
Can use hellos to maintain neighbor relationships
OSPF, ISIS
RIPv2, flat but classless
EIGRP, flat, but classless and fast - ODR
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Dynamic configuration of static routes for hub and spoke to remote offices
uses CDP
no routing protocol on spokes
supports VLSM
proprietary Cisco - RIPv2 vs. RIPv1
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supports VLSM
uses multicast for updates
faster convergence
manual route summarization
authentication of routing data
still uses hope count for metric
hop limit of 15 - EIGRP
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same metric as IGRP
Supports VLSM
Distance Vetor
same features as link state
triggered updates no periodic hellos
stateful routing algorithm is Diffusing Update Algorithm - OSPF
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Based on RFC
Link state
VLSM
fast convergence
improved path calculation Shortest path first
hierarchical with Areas
metric based on bandwidth - IS-IS
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Link state
ISO and IP at layer 3
areas and backbone
level 1 routers are internal to areas
level 2 routers are used for interconnecting areas
more scalable than OSPF and EIGRP
fast convergence - BGP
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External rotuering protocol
IANA Autonomous Systems
similar to distance vector - attributes, not metrics
strategic routing policies
TCP
IBGP and EBGP - IBGP
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within AS
neighbors do not need to be directly connected
IGP must still be used like OSPF
QoS propogation on BGP
MPLS VPNs - MP IBGP - Cisco Voice compression favorites
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G.711 - 64k
G.729 - 8k - Identify QoS Methods
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IP RTP Priority
Priority Queuing
Custom Queuing
Class-based Weighted Fair Queuing
Low Latency Queuing - Name typical Organizational Goals (5)
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Improve Profit
Increase competitiveness
Improve customer support
Add new customer services
Increase productivity - Name typical Organizational Constraints (4)
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Budget
Personnel
Scheduling
Policy (Vendor preference)
summary - Time, Money, people and policy - Technical Goals (6)
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Performance
Availability
Manageability
Security
Adaptability
Scalability
(upgrade or modernize in the answer) - Technical Constraints (3)
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Existing Equipment
Bandwidth availability
Application compatibility
(the word Legacy in the answer) - Elements of the Network Design Document
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Introduction
Design Requirements
Existing Network Infrastructure
Design
Proof of Concept
Implementation Plan
Appendices - Summary Report results used to do what? (4)
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- Describe the software features required in the network
- Describe possible problems in the existing network
- Identify the actions needed to prepare the network for the implementation of the required features
- Influence the customer requirements - What are Social Requirements
- All about people.
- Network Performance is? (3)
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- Capacity
- Response Time
- Utilization - Network Services (many)
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SNMP, Telnet, TFTP, TACACS+, RADIUS, IP, IPX, Routing Protocols, QoS, Dial-In/Out, Access Lists, DNS, IPSec
- Security, QoS, Routing - Network Topology
- Devices, Encapsulations, Bandwidth