sat patho review

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cells that originate from bone marrow granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells?: osteoclasts
bones of the skull, thorax and vertebral column make up ?: axial skeleton
bones of the upper and lower extremeties make up?: the appendicular skeleton
the humerous, ulna and radius come together to form what joint?: the elbow
Bone, cartilage and the hematopoietic system are considered to be what kind of tissue?: connective tissue
This vitamin regulates the calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood by promoting their absorption from food in the intestines, and by promoting re-absorption of calcium in the kidneys. It promotes bone formation and mineralization and is essentia: vitamin D
vitamin that increases intestinal absorption of calcium and promotes ossification of bones and teeth?: vitamin D
the process of bone formation and mineral metabolism is complex and includes the interplay between the actions of 3 main hormones/vitamnins?: PTH, calcitonin and vitamin D
undifferentiated cells that differentiate into osteoblasts, that are found in the periosteum, endosteum and epiphyseal growth plate of growing bones?: osteogenic cells
bone-building cells that synthesize and secrete the organic matrix of bone, also participate in the calcification of the organic matrix: osteoblasts
osteogenic cells differentiate into osteoblasts T/F?: true. pg 1359
a malignant cancer of cartilage?: chondrosarcoma
a malignant cancer of bone?: osteosarcoma
the following are all tumors associated with the hematologic tissue except? myelocytic, multiple myeloma, lymphocytic leukemia, hemangiosarcoma, or meningeal sarcoma?: hemangiosarcoma
what are the three types of cartilage?: elastic, hyaline and fibrocartilage
what is the most abundant type of cartilage?: hyaline
a chronic inflammatory disease that can virtually affect any organ system, including the musculoskeletal, and is know as the great imitator: SLE. systemic lupus erythematosus
a disease that appears to have B-cell hyperreactivity and increased production of antibodies against self and nonself antigens.: SLE
the most prevalent form of arthritis and is the leading cause of disability and pain in the elderly: osteoarthritis
the "wear and tear" arthritis, a slowly destructive disorder of the articular cartilage: osteoarthritis
a crystal-induced arthropathy, monosodium urate deposition is found in the joints and is actually a group of diseases known as what syndrome?: gout
gout of the foot, but most specially the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe. In severe cases the metatarsal-phalangeal and tarsal joints are involved. At these sites there is swelling, redness, heat and tenderness.: podagra
chalky, gritty accumulations of uric acid crystals that build up in the soft tissue of a gouty joint, often occurring in the elbow or the joints of fingers or toes. They develop if underlying syndrome is not treated for an extended period of time.: tophi
an aberrant immune response that leads to synovial inflammation and destruction of the joint architecture.: RA
a characteristic development of an extensive network of new blood vessels in the synovial membrane that contributes to the advancement of rheumatoid synovitis is a destructive vascular granulation tissue called?: pannus. it differentiates RA from other types of arthritis.
which certain molecule may predispose to RA by their capacity to bind arthritogenic antigens, which in turn activate T cells and initiate the dz?: HLA-DR. Human Leukocyte Antigen
partial flexion of the DIP with hyperextention of the PIP is called?: swan neck deformity
flexion of the PIP joint with hyperextention of the DIP is called?: boutonniere deformity
what is the first line of pharmacologic tx for RA?: nsaids. then dmards pg. 1422
most commonly occuring signs and symptoms of SLE?: arthralgia and arthritis. but articular destruction is rarely found.
what are some musculoskeletal manifestations of SLE?: tenosynovitis, rupture of the intrapatellar and achilles tendons and avascular necrosis.
with this syndrome, there are joint changes, which include a progressive loss of articular cartilage and synovitis?: osteoarthiritis syndrome
what are some adverse side effects of NSAID's?: gastric irritation and bleeding, fluid retention, kidney damage
a dramatic increase of what organelle occurs in skeletal muscle that is repeatedly stimulated to contract?: mitochondria
a hormone released from the adrenal medulla that produces a decrease in insulin release and an increase in glucagon, HR, contractility...: catecholamines (norepi,epi)
this hormone stimulates ACTH release from anterior pituitary and increases activity of neurons in locus ceruleus: CRF; corticotropin-releasing factor
this hormone stimulates the synthesis and release of cortisol?: ACTH from the adrenal cortex
this hormone increases sodium absorption by the kidneys?: aldosterone (a mineralcorticoid hormone)
a hormone that increases water absorption by the kidney; produces vasoconstriction of blood vessels and stimulates the release of ACTH?: ADH, vasopression (antidiuretic hormones) from hypothalamus and posterior pituitary
the nasal passages, mouth and pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles make up?: the conducting airways
what type of cells line the conducting airways?: pseudostratified columnar epthelium that contain a mosaic of mucus-secreting goblet cells with cilia
in addition to their gas exchange function, what other functions do the lungs perform?: inactivate vasoactive substances such as bradykinin, they convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II and they serve as a resovoir for blood storage.
what type of cells line the respiratory bronchioles?: simple pseudostratified epithelium
what type of cells are the alveolar type I cells?: flat squamous epithelial cells across which gas exchange take place
what do alveolar type II cells do?: produce surfactant; a lipoportein substance that decreases the surface tension in the alveoli
what makes up the blood supply to the lungs?: a unique dual blood supply: the pulmonary and bronchial circulations
which circulation distributes blood to the conducting airways and supporting structures of the lungs?: the bronchial circulation. additionally it warms and humidifies incoming air
where does the bronchial circulation arise from ?: the thorascic aorta and enter the lungs with the major bronchi
these chemoreceptors are found in the carotid and aortic bodies and they monitor arterial blood oxygen levels; stimulated by hypoxia: peripheral receptors
these receptors are found in the chemosensitive regions near the respiratory center in the medualla; stimulated by Co2: central receptors
P presents c angina of acute onset, and pain worsens on inspiration but is alleviated upon sitting up and leaning forward. upon PE you hear a friction rub along the L sternal border. what is the most likely dx?: pericarditis
beck's triad is indicitive of which dx?: acute cardiac tamponade
this term is used to describe an inflammation of the heart muscle and conduction system with out evidence of an MI?: myocarditis

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