Germany 1918-1939

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Night of the Long Knives: - June 1934 - Hitler had SA leaders killed -Strengthened his control over Nazi Party and won him the trust of German Army
SA (Brown-shirts / Storm-troopers): - The private army of the Nazi Party - Used to intimidate opponents
End of world war one: - Germany signed armistice in Nov 1918 - British naval blockade and war led to shortages that caused hunger and disease in Germany
Kapp Putsch: - Uprising by Freikorps in 1920 - Captured Berlin but defeated by a general strike
Great Depression: - 1929-1933 - 6 million unemployed Germans - Increased vote share for non-democratic groups - Nazi and Communist Parties
Strength through Joy (KdF): - Nazi organisation that tried to control leisure activities of the workers
Hyperinflation: - Summer 1923 - Massive drop in value of German mark and massive increase in prices
Treaty of Versailles: - June 1919 - Land (13% / lost 6 million Germans) - Army (cut to 100,000 men) - Money (reparations £6.6 billion) - Blame (Germany blamed for war)
Occupation of the Ruhr: - Jan 1923 - French invade Ruhr after Germany miss reparations payment
Political parties banned: - July 1933 - All political parties except the Nazis were made illegal
The Young Plan: - 1929 - Reduced the amount of reparations that Germany owed
Enabling Act: - March 1933 - Gave Hitler the power to make laws without the agreement of the Reichstag
Kaiser Wilhelm II: - Emperor of Germany during WW I - Abdicated November 1918
Dolchstoss (Stab in back myth): - Myth that German army had been 'stabbed in the back' by the November Criminals (Jews, Communists and weak politicians)
Reichstag: - The German parliament
Kristallnacht (night of broken glass): - 9th and 10th November 1938 - Two nights of anti-Jewish violence. 100 Jews killed. 7500 businesses destroyed. - Organised by the Nazis but made to look spontaneous
Freikorps: - Ex-soldiers who hated communists - Armed by President Ebert to crush Spartacist rising in 1919 - Took part in Kapp Putsch in 1920
Heinrich Himmler: - Nazi who was chief of the SS and the Gestapo - Oversaw the genocide of six million Jews
Hindenburg dies - Hitler becomes President: - August 1934 - Hitler now called Fuhrer (leader) - Army swore oath of personal loyalty to Hitler
Cross of Honour for German Mothers: - Nazi government award for having children - Gold for 8 or more, Silver for 6 or more, Bronze for 4 or more
Nuremburg Laws: - 1935 - Jews lost rights to be German citizens (right to vote and hold government jobs) -Marriage or sexual relations between Jews and Germans was made illegal
Munich Putsch: - Nov 1923 - Failed Nazi take over of Munich - 16 Nazis killed and Hitler arrested
Spartacist rising: - Communist uprising in Jan 1919 - Crushed by the Freikorps
Hitler becomes Chancellor: - January 1933 - Appointed by President Hindenburg
Josef Goebbels: - Nazi Minister of Propaganda - Controlled the press, radio and cinema
The Dawes Plan: - 1924 - Gave Germany longer to pay reparations - USA loaned money to Germany which was invested in economy
SS (Schutzstaffel): - Hitler's elite guard that developed into the private army of the Nazi Party - Ran concentration and extermination camps
Reichstag Fire: - February 1933 - Nazis quickly blamed this on the communists - Hindenburg granted Hitler Emergency Powers. These were used to lock up 4000 communists and other opponents
Boycott of Jewish shops: - April 1933 - SA tried to enforce a boycott of Jewish shops
Stresemann Era / Era of recovery: - 1924-1929 - German economic recovery (Dawes and Young Plan) -Improved foreign relations (Locarno Pact)
German Labour Front (DAF): - Nazi organization that replaced trades unions - Decided wages and banned strikes
Gestapo: - The secret police in Nazi Germany - Tapped telephones, opened letters and used informers
Hitler Youth: -Nazi controlled youth organization -Encouraged physical fitness and discipline - Prepared girls to be healthy mothers and boys to be soldiers

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Number of cards 33