Chap 9
Terms
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- Natural Law
- rules for humans should be based on reason & inborn sense of morality
- Magna Carta
- document King promised to observe people's rights
- Immigration
- movement of people from one area to another
- Alien & Sedition Acts
- designed to stifle criticism against the gov't
- Imperialism
- one country taking over another for resources & markets
- Embargo
- a gov't ban on merchant vessels entering or leaving the nation's ports
- Identity
- awareness of one's own values, attitudes, characteristics
- Nationalism
- love for your country
- Thomas Jefferson
- drafted the declaration of independence
- Franklin D. Roosevelt )
- only president to serve 4 terms in office (NEW DEAL
- Interdependence
- countries depend on one another for resources, etc.
- Reserved Powers
- powers given only to the State gov't (elections, public schools, etc.
- Rousseau
- gov't is responsible to the people; Athens; direct democracy, citizens make laws (Pop. Sov.)
- Bicameral legislature with two houses
- legislature with two houses
- Great compromise
- lower house is based on state population, upper house is equal representation
- Due Process
- procedure guaranteed by constitution that gov't will not deprive people of their rights
- Federalism
- sharing of power between state and federal governments
- Salutary Neglect
- British policy of ignoring its North American colonies
- Separatists
- English Puritans who refuse to participate in the English Church
- John Peter Zenger
- won trial for freedom of the press, was accused of libel
- Separation of Powers
- division of gov't into executive, legislative, & judicial branches
- Mayflower Compact
- contract among adult males on board on how to rule their colony
- Culture
- the way of life
- Supremacy Clause
- Federal laws are superior to state laws where they are in conflict
- Enlightenment
- philosophical movement that stressed reason & opposed blind faith
- Gibbons vs. Ogden
- intrastate commerce regulated by states & interstate commerce regulated by US gov't
- Suffrage
- right to vote
- Federalists
- wanted to leave constitution as it was, didn't want individual rights
- Antifederalists
- wanted to add the bill of rights to the constitution
- Hamilton
- leader of the federalists
- Joint Stock Company
- group of individuals who own stock in an unincorporated co.
- Checks & Balances
- branches of gov't check ea. other to be sure one branch doesn't become to powerful
- Reform
- change
- Marbury vs. Madison
- gave US Supreme Court the power of judicial review
- Concurrent Powers
- powers given to both, State & Federal gov'ts (borrow, taxes, courts)
- Diversity
- differences in culture
- McCulloch vs. Maryland
- found in favor of Congress chartering a national bank
- Empathy
- ability to understand what others are going through
- Voltaire
- believed in religious liberty & freedom of speech
- Electoral College
- voters from each state cast ballets to determine president & vice-president
- Madison
- drafted the bill of rights
- Delegated Powers
- powers given only to the Federal gov't ($, army, war, etc.)
- Louisiana Territory
- lands btw. The Mississippi & the Rockies purchased by US from France in 1803
- Tinker vs. Des Moines School District
- freedom of action; can wear armbands to protest Vietnam War
- Cabinet
- people who serve as presidential advisors
- Belief Systems
- what people believe in; religion
- Popular Sovereignty
- supreme authority; people should be free from outside interference
- Urbanization
- movement of people from rural to urban areas
- Judicial Review
- power of US Supreme Court to decide if a law is constitutional or not
- Tariff
- tax on import
- Montesquieu
- believed in separation of powers for gov't
- John Locke
- natural law (life, liberty, & rt. to own property)(if gov't violates rts., people have rt. to rebel)
- First Amendment
- freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition
- Choice
- power to select
- Nullify
- not follow, erase, to counteract, treat as invalid
- Constitutional Monarchy
- power of ruler is limited by a constitution
- Northwest Ordinance
- stated how a territory could become a state & how NW territory should be governed
- Articles of Confederation
- "1st constitution"; too weak, states had too much power
- Limited Gov't
- gov't's power is limited; people have rights
- Monroe Doctrine
- warned European nations to keep their hands off N. & S. America
- Bill of Rights (English)
- power to parliament to meet, tax, & have free speech
- Elastic Clause
- allows Congress to "expand" its law-making power if necessary
- John Marshall
- chief justice who established judicial review with Marbury vs. Madison