AP Euro Tests
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- The Brethren of the Common Life were:
- An example of popular piety
- Luther Posts the 95 Theses
- 1517
- According to text, Colbert's most important contribution to the economy of France was:
- Creating a powerful merchant marine to transport French goods
- The primary motive underlying Richelieu's administrative reforms was to:
- Weaken the nobility's local power base
- What is NOT true of the Peace of Westphalia?
- It established French authority over political and religious affairs in Germany
- Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate was based on:
- Military Power
- According to Locke:
- The monarch rules by divine right
- The Peace of Westphalia
- 1648
- The Authorized Version of the Bible reflected the efforts of the Anglicans and Puritans to:
- Encourage the laity to read the Bible
- The politiques were men who believed that:
- Civil order was France's first priority
- This accurately depicts a doctrine defined by the Council of Trent:
- The ultimate authority for Christian doctrine is the Bible, Church traditions and the writings of the Church Fathers
- The economic success of the Dutch was based on:
- Fishing and overseas trasnport
- During the 16th and 17th centuries, while France developed absolutism, the English monarchy was chekced by:
- A strong Parliament
- To further their absolutist goals, the Austrian Habsburgs used the fear of invasion by the:
- Turks
- This is not a reason why the absolute monarchs in east Europe monopolized power:
- Foreign policy
- The dissolution of the English monasteries:
- Resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth
- Martin Luther's decision to post his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the church at Wittenburg Castle was prompted by:
- A new campaign to sell indulgences
- The "winner" of the Thirty Years' War seems to have been:
- France
- In France, Calvinism:
- Often served as a cloak for noble independence
- Colbert's contribution to mercantilistic thought was his belief in:
- Economic self-sufficiency
- The primary causes of the Revolt of the Netherlands were the repression of the Calvinists and:
- High Taxes
- The belief that definitive or absolute knowledge in generally unattainable is:
- Skepticism
- During the French (or international) phase of the Thirty Years' War:
- The French supported the Protestants
- This is not true of Prussia's social structure:
- It was easier for the bourgeoisie to attain noble status than in France
- The Aztec Empire was conquered by:
- Hernando Cortes
- In eastern Europe, the 17th century commercial revolution:
- Encouraged small-scale farming
- This is not a reason why England developed a constitutional government:
- The English kings rejected the divine right theory
- According to Hobbes:
- The Leviathan is the immortal God
- After the reign of the Great Elector, Prussia became famous for its:
- Militarism, under which military needs and values permeated all spheres of life
- Fifteenth-century Europeans were forced to look westward because o territorial expansion by the:
- Ottoman Turks
- In his political theories, John Locke:
- Linked economic liberty and private property with poll freedom
- One important consequence of Peter I's reforms was the:
- Imposition of royal justice in the provinces
- The spark that caused the Glorious Revolution was the:
- Fear of a Catholic dynasty being established in England
- The Huguenots were:
- French Protestants
- "It began with attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, and it ended by shattering the religious unity of Europe." This best describes:
- The Protestant Reformation
- The First Russian ruler to assume the title of tsar was:
- Ivan the Terrible
- Prior to 1650 the Ottoman Empire had:
- Enacted uniform legal code throughout the empire
- The peace of Augsburg
- 1555
- The reign of Peter the Great was characterized by:
- Incessant warfare
- The Peace of Augsburg, in 1555:
- Was a victory for Lutheranism and states' rights
- In his "On Christian Liberty", Luther used the term 'freedom' to mean:
- Freedom from the Roman Church
- "Poverty, considered a virtue by the Catholic Church, became shameful to the Calvinists. The middle class found in Calvinism a justification for the pursuit of wealth." This passage implies that Calvinism may have been a powerful influence in the development of:
- Capitalism
- The most striking feature of the social system in eastern Europe was a:
- Peasantry reduced to serfdom
- Phillip II of Spain was generally a successful king, but his reign also suffered from:
- Loan defaults, inflation, a wide gap between rich and poor
- Calvin's Geneva Consistory:
- Outlined Calvin's faith and carried out its doctrine
- What explains the growth of habsburg power after the disaster of the Thirty Years' War?
- Their leadership of the Holy Roman Empire
- The territorial basis of the Hohenzollern absolutist state was Prussia and:
- Brandenburg
- This is not a reason why Peter the Great of Russia modernized his states:
- The disbanding of the Cossacks
- In general the wars of Louis XIV:
- Had a disastrous impact of the French economy
- After the Time of Troubles, the tsars:
- Relaxed the obligations of the nobility
- The expedition that completed the first circumnavigation of the globe was led by:
- Ferdinand Magellan
- During the reign of Frederick William I. Prussian:
- Absolutism grew stronger
- The French budget in the first half of the sixteenth-century was strained by the Habsburg-Valois Wars and:
- Extravagant promotion of the arts
- The policies and actions of Frederick William I were based on his belief that the welfare of the king and state depended on the:
- Army
- What is NOT true of women from 1550-1650?
- Were considered to be on equal terms with their husbands
- The first tactic employed by the landlords to cope with tlabor shortages was to:
- Restrict peasant freedom of movement
- When Henry IV remarked, "Paris is well worth a Mass," he was referring to:
- His conversion to Catholicism to gain popular favor
- The Catholic Church banned the work of which of the following humanist writers?
- Erasmus
- In the aftermath of the Thirty Years' War:
- The peasantry in eastern Germany was enserfed
- A significant feature of English society in the 16th and 17th centuries was the:
- Growing wealth of the country gentry and Middle-class businessmen
- The Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation:
- Stated that the actual body and blood of Christ was present at communion
- Luther's political conservatism is revealed in this:
- His preference for political order over social justice, His willing acceptance of the support of the German Princes, His condemnation of the Peasants' War, His support for the extermination of the Munster Commune
- Richelieu responded to the Huguenots' revolt in 1625 by:
- Destroying their armed strongholds
- The most significant product of the Concordant of Bologna was the:
- Perpetuation of disorders in the French church
- What doesn't accurately describe the reign of Louis XIV?
- He impoverished the national treasury by building the Palace of Versaille
- The decline of the Dutch economy was caused by:
- The wars of the 17th century
- What is NOT a result of the War of the Three Henrys?
- All forms of religion except Catholicim are outlawed in France
- The Pragmatic Sanction issued by Charles IV in 1713:
- Proclaimed that Habsburgs lands would never be divided
- The government of the United Provinces was:
- A loose confederation of independent provinces
- The Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre:
- Exemplified the hatred between the French Catholics and Protestants
- Francis I further consolidated centralized power by levying the taille, a tax on:
- all land and property
- The dominant characteristic of Michel de Montaigne's writings was his:
- Tolerant Sensitivity
- According to Calvin, the elect were:
- Those individuals chosen for salvation
- The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588:
- Prevented Philip II from reuniting western Europe
- During the English Revolution the Levellers advocated the idea that:
- All men should have the vote regardless of whether they own property
- William and Mary's ascension to the English throne in 1689:
- indicated the supremacy of Parliament
- In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Protestants:
- Saw marriage as a contract between husband and wife
- The quinto was:
- A Spanish tax on precious metals in which 1/5 was given to the monarchy
- In the sixteenth-century, French foreign policy was based on the:
- Continuation of political fragmentation of Germany
- This is not true of the Baroque style in Eastern Europe:
- The goal of many Baroque works of art and architecture was "the exaltation of despotic rule"
- In 1649 the English beheaded:
- Charles I
- In response to the problems of the 14th and 15th centuries, the landlords of Eastern Europe:
- Offered better economic terms to their peasants
- Critical to the success of absolutism in Prussia was:
- The power to tax without the nobles' consent
- Francis I further consolidated centralized power by levying the taille, a tax on:
- All land and property
- The primary unit on which taxation was based in Peter's Russia was:
- People
- The administration of justice in Eastern Europe generally was:
- Controlled by local landlords
- In order to promote the Prussian economy, Frederick William, the Great Elector,:
- Admitted Jews from Poland and Huguenots from France
- Political power in the Dutch Republic was:
- Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy merchants
- In its geography, government, economy, and social structures, the Russian empire in the 18th century most closely resemble:
- Prussia
- The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was:
- The subordination of all groups and institutions to the monarchy
- This is not a reason by Spain declined in the 17th century:
- Conflict between the church and the state
- The War of the Spanish Succession ended with the Peace of:
- Utreht
- This is not a "new monarch" of the Reformation:
- Frederick of Saxony
- The sixteenth-century wars of religion in France:
- Were essentially a new form of the old feudal rebellion against a higher central authority
- In the mid-sixteenth century, the commercial capital of the European world was:
- Antwerp
- The purpose of the English Test Act of 1673 was to:
- Create religious uniformity
- The Peace of Westphalia of 1648:
- Brought official recognition to Calivinism in the Holy Roman Empire
- despite the obvious flaws of the Catholic church, most Italians remained loyal because:
- It provided them with social order and tradition
- The Edict of Nantes:
- Granted the Huguenots the right to worship
- Probably the most significant long-term result of the Puritan revolution (16143-1660) was:
- The increased authority of Parliament
- The most important lesson Louis XIV learned from the Fronde was that the:
- sole alternative to anarchy was absolute monarchy
- Calvin differed from Luther by stressing which theological doctrine?
- The concept of predestination
- The Thirty Years' War served as a catalyst for the development of absolutism in:
- Prussia
- The group of people who benefited the most from large price increases in the sixteenth-century was the:
- Middle Class
- According to the text, the influx of silver from the New World into Spain:
- Had no direct correlation to the inflationary spiral
- Luther's ideas about Roman exploitation of Germany:
- Appealed to political aspirations of german princes
- Charles V believed it was his duty to:
- Maintain both political and religious unity of Europe
- What is NOT a provison of the English Declaration of Rights, 1689
- The king may maintain a standing army without the consent of Parliament
- Mercantilist theory set forth that:
- Government should intervene to secure the largest share of limited resources
- This is not a reason why Poland disappeared as an independent nation in the 18th century:
- The Catholic Church was unsympathetic to Polish statehood
- The state that gained the most from the War of the Spanish Succession was:
- England
- The English Bill of Rights:
- Was a direct response to Stuart absolutism
- The wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were different from earlier wars in that:
- The armies were much larger and more expensive
- Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes because he believed that:
- Religious unity was necessary for his absolutist goals
- According to Luther, the ultimate authority for the interpretation of Christian doctrine is:
- The Bible
- The minister who helped Henry IV lay the foundations for French absolutism was:
- Sully
- The Later Baroque style is known for:
- Its extreme ornamentation
- The Jesuits:
- Became involved in the education of Catholic children, served as advisors to Catholic kings, rooted out heresy through press censorship, converted "heathens" through missionary work
- This is the best description of Peter's form rule over Russia:
- Peter succeeded in making the Russian economy resemble other European economies by abolishing many medieval practices
- This is not a long term cause of the Protestant Reformation:
- The activities of the Jesuits
- What percentage of German towns were destroyed during the Thirty Years' War?
- 33%
- The restoration of Charles II to the throne in 1660 indicates that many Englishmen:
- Were tired of what they perceived to be the anarchism of the English Republic
- Calvin initiated his reform movement in:
- Geneva
- James I agreed to a new translation of the Bible in his one concession to the:
- Puritans
- Frederick William, the Great Elector, learned from the Thirty Years' War that the security of his state must rely mainly upon:
- The support of his army
- As a result of the revolt by the Czech nobility in 1618:
- The native nobility was wiped out
- The art of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries indicates that this was a period of:
- Sensuality
- Perhaps the most striking characteristic of the Dutch Republic was its:
- Religious toleration
- Baroque art was:
- Intended to kindle the faith of the common people
- This person is not a Baroque artist:
- Botticelli
- The phenomenon of witches was most likely due to:
- Extreme uncertainty in a religiously turbulent time
- The individual who dominated the Scottish Reformation was:
- John Knox
- According to the text, Peter I was most interested in:
- Increasing Russian military power
- The majority of the German princes who adopted Lutheranism did so:
- For economic and political reasons
- The Anabaptists were oppressed by other Europeans because they believed:
- In the strict separation of church and state
- Probably the most important step Cardinal Richelieu took to strengthen centralized government and an absolutist monarchy in France was:
- To institute the intendant system to oversee the provinces
- The most striking feature of the ottoman Social and political organization was:
- The absence of private landed property
- The most significant factor in the emergence of the princes of Moscow as the rulers of Russia was their:
- Cooperation with the Mongols
- This act established King henry VIII as the head of the Church of England:
- Supremacy Act
- The Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1683, the highpoint of Turkish power in Europe,:
- Ended the war between Europe and the Ottomans
- The Bohemian phase of the Thirty Years' War ended with the:
- Battle of White Mountain
- Cromwell gained almost dictatorial power by use of:
- His army
- During the constitutional struggle between Frederick William and Great Elector and the Prussian nobility:
- War and invasion strengthened Frederick William's hand
- In order to pay for the Habsburg-Valois wars, the French monarchs
- Sold public offices
- "Salvation by faith and by faith alone" is a major tenet first adopted by:
- Lutheranism
- This was not a factor in the Hungarians' fight against Habsburg absolutism:
- The economic resources of Hungary
- Calvinism, despite its aristocratic outlook, contributed to the development of what later became democracy by:
- Allowing the possibility that all people, regardless of social rank, might be predestined for salvation
- At its most basic level, constitutionalism:
- implies a balance between the authority of the government and the rights of its subjects