Science- chapter 1 and 2 lecture notes
Terms
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- what is physics?
- the study of matter and energy and how they relate
- what re the 2 type of physical science?
- macroscopic and microscopic
- what is macroscopics?
-
physics
can see it w/ the naked eye - what is microscopics?
-
chemistry
requires a microscope - what are the other names for physics?
- physical science, macroscopics
- energy and matter are---- ----?
- mutaully exclusive
- if its physical, its ---- -- ---------
- made of substance
- what is science? (view hint)
- the observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explination of phenomena
- what is matter?
- anything that has mass and occupies space
- what is energy?
- the ability to do work
- what are types of energy?
- light, heat, electrical energy, sound, solar energy, kinetic energy
- what is the difference between solving a scientific problem and an exercise?
-
problems: involves finding an unknown without the use of an established procedure
exercises:involves using predetermined steps to solve for an unknown - how do you solve a scientific problem?
-
1)define problem
2)do research
3)formulate a hypothesis
4)test hypothesis (experiment)
5)anaylze results
6)draw conclusion - what is a hypothesis?
- an educated guess
- what is ignorance?
- to be uneducated in a certain field
- what is the method of solving scientific problem called?
- the Scientific Method
- what is observation?
- the process of gathering information
- what are the two types of observation?
-
quantitive
qualitive - what if a qualitive observation?
- an observation that doesn't involve numbers; characteristics
- what if a quantitive observation?
- an observation that involves numbers
- what is a theory?
- an explination based on many supported by experimental results
- what happens to a hypothesis once it is proven?
- turns into a theory
- what is a scientific law?
- a "rule of nature"
- when can a theory be turned into a Law?
- once it is proven flawlessly
- what is an experiment?
- an organized procedure for testing a hypothesis
- what does and experiment have?
- a control, a constant, an independent variable, and a dependent variable
- what is a control?
- the standard specimen that all other experiments are compared to
- what is a constantl?
- a factor that does not change in the experiment
- what is an independent variable?
- a factor that is adjusted by the scientist
- what is a dependent variable?
-
a factor that is controlled by the independent variable
the one result of an experiment - what did scientist often rely on?
- the general obeservations and on what previous scientist had done
- what were scietist ofter reluctant to do?
- question authority
- where and when did scietist start to experiment to see if their ides were correct
- 400 years ago, Western Europe
- What was Galileo's full name?
- Galileo Galilei
- What did Galileo originally study to be?
- a doctor
- what had he identified and documented?
- the mathmatical relationship in a universal event
- what was the unversal event he identified and documeted ?
- the time it took for a lamp to swing back and forth and the chain on which it was suspended
- where did Galileo record his findings and what did he include w/ them?
- in notebooks w/ sketches
- do his notebooks still exsist today?
- yes
- he was a famous--- and a more famous---
- inventor, astronomer
- what did he invent?
- a military compass that could aim canninbals at the enemy
- he created his own----
- telescope
- when did he discover the Galilean moons?
- 1609
- what are the Galilean moons
- 4 moons that orbit Jupiter
- he was convinced that the earth revolved around the ---- even though people thought the --- was the center of the solar system
- sun, earth
- what did the leaders of the church do to Galileo?
- put him on trial and heresy, threatened to torture him, and put him on house arrrest for the rest of his life
- because of house arrest, he couldn't--- -- ----- anymore
- speak in public
- what was the space probe launched in his honor called
- Galileo space probe
- when and by who was the Galileo space probe launched?
- NASA in 1989
- what does NASA stand for
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- what does the Galileo space probe do?
- observes Jupiter and the Galilean moons and sends information back to earth
- what religion was Galileo?
- Christian